实用知识：正则表达式表情匹配

另一种思路：在最后一个位置开始往前替换更改图片

#import "ViewController.h"
#import "NSString+RegularExpression.h"
#import "ZTextAttachment.h"

@interface ViewController ()

@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *label;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];

    self.label.text = @"[smiley_29]召召, 你的肥皂[smiley_2]丢了吗?[smiley_6]";
}

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
    /*================= 将文字替换成表情 =================*/
    NSString *content = self.label.text;

    // 1. 查找符合条件的文本 , 正则
    // \[\w+\]    由于[]在正则中是特殊语法, 因此使用 \[ 和 \] 来表示普通的[或]文本
    NSString *pattern = @"\\[\\w+\\]";
    // [图片名] 在 整句话当中的Range
    NSArray <NSValue *> *rangeArray = [content matchesRangeWithPattern:pattern];

    // content的富文本 (原始的)
    NSMutableAttributedString *attrContent = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:content];

    // 对每一个文字进行替换

    // lengthChanged 来记录 富文本替换表情后长度的变化
    NSUInteger totalLengthChanged = 0;
    for (NSValue *value in rangeArray) {
        /*================= Content - NSString =================*/
        // [smiley_29]召召, 你的肥皂[smiley_2]丢了吗?[smiley_6]
        // 1. 获取图片
        NSRange range = value.rangeValue;
        NSString *imagename = [content substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(range.location + 1, range.length -2)];
        UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:imagename];

        // 2. 创建对应图片的富文本, 长度为1
        ZTextAttachment *attachment = [[ZTextAttachment alloc] init];
        attachment.image = image;

        NSAttributedString *imageAttrString = [NSAttributedString attributedStringWithAttachment:attachment];

        /*================= AttrContent - NSTextAttributeString =================*/
        // (表情)召召, 你的肥皂[smiley_2]丢了吗?[smiley_6]
        NSUInteger originalLength = attrContent.length;    // 改变前长度
        // 计算前的Range值
        NSRange newRange = NSMakeRange(range.location - totalLengthChanged, range.length);
        [attrContent replaceCharactersInRange:newRange withAttributedString:imageAttrString];
        NSUInteger finalLength = attrContent.length;    // 改变后的长度
        NSUInteger lengthChanged = originalLength - finalLength;    // 这一次图片替换长度的改变
        totalLengthChanged += lengthChanged;    // 累加每一次的改变
    }

    [self.label setAttributedText:attrContent];
}

@end

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interface ZTextAttachment : NSTextAttachment

@end





#import "ZTextAttachment.h"

@implementation ZTextAttachment

// 返回附件(例子是图片)的Bounds
- (CGRect)attachmentBoundsForTextContainer:(NSTextContainer *)textContainer proposedLineFragment:(CGRect)lineFrag glyphPosition:(CGPoint)position characterIndex:(NSUInteger)charIndex
{
    // lineFrag 代表附近所在的文字所占的Rect值
    return CGRectMake(0, -lineFrag.size.height * 0.2, lineFrag.size.height, lineFrag.size.height);
}

@end