近日，接到需要用到蓝牙解锁硬件设备的新需求，开发过程中呢也遇到许多硬件的坑，开发协议文档较简单，几句话就完了，第一次搞得我自己一脸懵逼，本来一两个小时就能写完并测试完成的过程用了两三天。哎！默默地回到这里疯狂输出，记录下一些不必要的坑。下面开始我的蓝牙开发吧！走了以前的老路，就是拿到蓝牙需求就叫我先根据设计好的密钥配对连接，花了点时间，然后靠广播接收回调各种信息。setPin()方法也一直不成功。但是时间实在是有点紧了，耗不住了，果断放弃老方法了，开始尝试ble 4.0的方式方法。几步就ok了；
第一部，初始化蓝牙
BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
private void getBlueToothAdapter() { mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) { MyToast.showShort(this, "设备不支持蓝牙,已为您切换到网络模式"); operationType = 2; rightTxt.setText("蓝牙模式"); return; } if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) { MyToast.showShort(this, "设备不支持蓝牙4.0"); return; } openBlueTooth(); }
第二步，开启蓝牙
public static int BL_REQUESTCODE = 1;
private void openBlueTooth() { if (mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { MyToast.showShort(this, "蓝牙已打开"); scanBlueTooth(); } else {
Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);//这里是打开有提示是否开启蓝牙的方式 startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, BL_REQUESTCODE); } }
//关闭蓝牙 private void closeBlueTooth() { mBluetoothAdapter.disable(); }
第三步，蓝牙扫描搜索
private void scanBlueTooth() { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2) { //扫描需要一个回调。 mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(scanCallBack); } //搜索后15秒关闭蓝牙扫描 new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2) { mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(scanCallBack);//停止扫描 } } }, 15000); }
//蓝牙扫描搜索回调 public BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback scanCallBack = new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() { @Override public void onLeScan(BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) { if (device.getName().equals("蓝牙的名字")) {//这里是根据蓝牙的名字筛选出想要连接的蓝牙，根据mac地址亦可以 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2) { //停止搜索蓝牙并连接蓝牙 mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(scanCallBack); connectBlueTooth(device);//连接设备 } } } };
第四步，连接蓝牙设备
BluetoothGattCharacteristic writeBluetoothCharacteristic; BluetoothGatt writeBluetoothGatt;
private void connectBlueTooth(BluetoothDevice device) { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2) { //参数1：上下文。//参数2：是否自动连接（当设备可以用时）//参数3：连接回调。 mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(scanCallBack); device.connectGatt(this, true, mGattCallback); } }
//蓝牙连接回调 private BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() { @Override public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) { super.onConnectionStateChange(gatt, status, newState); if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) { //连接成功 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2) { //开始发现设备的服务 gatt.discoverServices(); } } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) { //连接断开 } } @Override public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) { super.onServicesDiscovered(gatt, status); boolean success = false; //当服务发现之后回调这里 if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) { if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2) { //根据服务UUID连接服务 BluetoothGattService service = gatt.getService(UUID.fromString("00001000-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb")); //根据特征UUID注册特征 BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic_write = findNotifyCharacteristic(service, UUID.fromString("00001001-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb")); BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic_notifi = findNotifyCharacteristic(service, UUID.fromString("00001002-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb")); if (characteristic_notifi != null) { success = gatt.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic_notifi, true); if (success) { characteristic_write.setWriteType(BluetoothGattCharacteristic.WRITE_TYPE_DEFAULT); for (BluetoothGattDescriptor dp : characteristic_write.getDescriptors()) { if (dp != null) { if ((characteristic_write.getProperties() & BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_NOTIFY) != 0) { dp.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE); } else if ((characteristic_write.getProperties() & BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_INDICATE) != 0) { dp.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_INDICATION_VALUE); } gatt.writeDescriptor(dp);//这里触发发送指令的回调 } } } } } } } @Override public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) { super.onCharacteristicRead(gatt, characteristic, status); //调用读取READ通道后返回的数据回调 if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2) { // Log.e("读取蓝牙数据", "" + BlueToothUtils.bytesToHexFun2(BlueToothUtils.JM3(characteristic.getValue()))); } } } @Override public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) { super.onCharacteristicWrite(gatt, characteristic, status); if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {//写入成功 } else if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_FAILURE) {//写入失败 } else if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_WRITE_NOT_PERMITTED) {//没权限 } } @Override public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) { super.onCharacteristicChanged(gatt, characteristic); //蓝牙推送过来的数据 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2) { // Log.e("蓝牙推送过来的数据", "" + BlueToothUtils.bytesToHexFun2(BlueToothUtils.JM3(characteristic.getValue()))); } } @Override public void onDescriptorWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor, int status) { super.onDescriptorWrite(gatt, descriptor, status); writeBluetoothGatt = gatt; BluetoothGattService writeService = null; if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2) { writeService = gatt.getService(UUID.fromString("00001000-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb")); if (writeService == null) { return; } writeBluetoothCharacteristic = writeService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString("00001001-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb")); if (writeBluetoothCharacteristic == null) { return; } bluetooth_sendMessage(pwd, false); } } };
private BluetoothGattCharacteristic findNotifyCharacteristic(BluetoothGattService service, UUID characteristicUUID) {//此方法是在没有收到蓝牙的通知回调加的，最后才确定了是硬件那边本来就没给我回调信息，当然加入此方法也不会有问题 BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic = null; List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> characteristics = null; if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2) { characteristics = service.getCharacteristics(); for (BluetoothGattCharacteristic c : characteristics) { if ((c.getProperties() & BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_NOTIFY) != 0 && characteristicUUID.equals(c.getUuid())) { characteristic = c; break; } } if (characteristic != null) return characteristic; for (BluetoothGattCharacteristic c : characteristics) { if ((c.getProperties() & BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_INDICATE) != 0 && characteristicUUID.equals(c.getUuid())) { characteristic = c; break; } } } return characteristic; } //蓝牙发送指令 private void bluetooth_sendMessage(byte[] message, boolean flag) { if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2) { if (writeBluetoothCharacteristic == null) { return; } if (flag) { message = BlueToothUtils.Agreement_Encryption(message, message.length); } writeBluetoothCharacteristic.setValue(message); //上面的buffer数组中装的就是指令，多长？ 每一位上面的数字代表什么意思在协议中查看！ writeBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(writeBluetoothCharacteristic);//向设备写入指令。 } }
最后加上权限。这里需要自己去动态申请6.0的定位权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/> <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"/>
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