SQL内置函数

    掌握以下函数的用法,并在命令行进行实践操作:concat()、group_concat()、concat_ws()、load_file()、hex()、char()、count()、substring()、into+outfile、LOAD DATA INFIL、limit。
  • concat(str1,str2…)

    • 将多个字符串连接起来,中间并无分隔符
    • such:

      mysql>  select concat('hello','jerrybird');
      +-----------------------------+
      | concat('hello','jerrybird') |
      +-----------------------------+
      | hellojerrybird              |
      +-----------------------------+
      1 row in set (0.00 sec)
      
  • group_concat()

    • 将按组分开的数据,以组的方式显示出来,以逗号分隔
    • such:
      mysql> select *from teacher;
      +----+------+--------+----------+
      | id | name | sex    | addr     |
      +----+------+--------+----------+
      |  1 | Leo  | Male   | hangzhou |
      |  2 | Able | Male   | hangzhou |
      |  3 | John | Male   | beijing  |
      |  4 | Mary | Female | hangzhou |
      |  5 | Bird | Male   | huainan  |
      +----+------+--------+----------+
      5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
      
      mysql> select sex,group_concat(name) from teacher group by sex;
      +--------+--------------------+
      | sex    | group_concat(name) |
      +--------+--------------------+
      | Female | Mary               |
      | Male   | Leo,Able,John,Bird |
      +--------+--------------------+
      2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  • concat_ws(separator,str1,str2…)

    • 将多个字符串以指定的分隔符连接起来
    • such:
      mysql> select concat_ws('_','author','jerrybird','age','20');
      +------------------------------------------------+
      | concat_ws('_','author','jerrybird','age','20') |
      +------------------------------------------------+
      | author_jerrybird_age_20                        |
      +------------------------------------------------+
      1 row in set (0.00 sec)    
  • load_file(path)

    • 将某个路径下的文件读取并显示出来
    • 若文件不存在会显示 null
    • 若使用phpstudy 5.3…而未进行设置则会提示错误。因而需将mysql的配置文件修改下.打开my.ini 添加如下一行:secure_file_priv=”e:/code/MySQL/”
    • 之后load data infile or into outfile 等只能对此文件夹下的文件有权限操作
      mysql> select load_file('e:/code/MySQL/test.txt');
      +-------------------------------------+
      | load_file('e:/code/MySQL/test.txt') |
      +-------------------------------------+
      | hello jerrybird,how are you?        |
      +-------------------------------------+
      1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  • hex(number)
    -将number 转换为16进制整数

    mysql> select hex(100);
    +----------+
    | hex(100) |
    +----------+
    | 64       |
    +----------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  • char(number)

    • 将number根据ascii码转为相应的字符
    • 0<number<255
      mysql> select char(65);
      +----------+
      | char(65) |
      +----------+
      | A        |
      +----------+
      1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  • count(column1…)

    • 这是一个聚合函数,用来计算符合指定条件的记录的行数
    • such:
      mysql> select count(*) from teacher;
      +----------+
      | count(*) |
      +----------+
      |        5 |
      +----------+
      1 row in set (0.00 sec)
      
      mysql> select count(*) from teacher where sex='male';
      +----------+
      | count(*) |
      +----------+
      |        4 |
      +----------+
      1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  • substring(str,pos[,len]) or substring(str from pos [for len])
    • len 为可选的参数
    • 从str中选取 从pos位置开始长度为len的字串
    • pos可以为负数,代表从右往左第几位
    • str的位置从1开始

      mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING('Quadratically',5)
      -> 'ratically'
      mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING('foobarbar' FROM 4)
      -> 'barbar'
      mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING('Quadratically',5,6)
      -> 'ratica'
      mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING('Sakila', -3)
      -> 'ila'
      mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING('Sakila', -5, 3)
      -> 'aki'
      mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING('Sakila' FROM -4 FOR 2)
      -> 'ki'
  • select colomn into outfile ‘path/file’ from table-name where (…);
    • 将数据表中符合条件的数据备份到path路径下的file中
    • file为新建的
    • path为之前设置的secure_file_priv

      mysql> select * into outfile 'e:/code/MySQL/back_up.sql' from teacher where sex=
      'male';
      Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  • load data infile
    • load data infile ‘path/file’ into table tb_name;
    • 将file中的数据导入到指定的table中
    • path为secure_file_priv


    • mysql> load data infile 'e:/code/MySQL/back_up.sql' into table teacher;
      Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
      Records: 4 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0
  • limit

    • select (colomn…) from table table_name limit number;
    • 从指定table中将前number个记录的colomn…显示出来
      mysql> select *from teacher limit 3;
      +----+------+------+----------+
      | id | name | sex  | addr     |
      +----+------+------+----------+
      |  1 | Leo  | Male | hangzhou |
      |  2 | Able | Male | hangzhou |
      |  3 | John | Male | beijing  |
      +----+------+------+----------+
      3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  • 清空表中的记录

    • delete from table_name;

      mysql> delete from teacher;
      Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    • truncate table table_name;

      mysql> truncate table teacher;
      Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
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