Java线程synchronized关键字

public class ThreadTest2 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ThreadTest3 threadTest3 = new ThreadTest3();
		new Thread(threadTest3, "线程1").start();
		new Thread(threadTest3, "线程2").start();
	}
}
class ThreadTest3 implements Runnable {
	Integer x = 100;
	Object lock = new Object();
	@Override
	public void run() {
		while (true) {
			synchronized (ThreadTest3.class) {
				try {
					Thread.sleep(500);
				} catch (Exception e) {
					}
				if (x > 0) {
					System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + x--);
				} else {
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	} 
}

  代码中synchronized(ThreadTest3.class)达到了全局锁的目的，将资源锁定，即当有一个线程对synchronized修饰的代码块进行访问时，其他线程只能在外等候，进入的线程执行完成后，又会与其他线程共同争抢这个资源，所以会出现某个线程多次连续执行代码块，在上面的代码中添加了Thread.sleep(500); ，使进入的程序休眠，从而实现两个线程循环输出。

  synchronized不仅可以加在一段代码上，也可以加在方法上，对方法进行限制， synchronized加在方法上只能防止多个线程同时执行同步代码段。另外 static synchronized方法也相当于全局锁，对代码段进行限制。例子有如下：
1、锁对象，像上面的代码一样

synchronized (ThreadTest3.class) {...}

2、锁方法

public synchronized void run() {...}

3、锁引用类型的变量

class ThreadTest3 implements Runnable {
	Integer x = 100;
	Object lock = new Object();
	@Override
	public synchronized void run() {
		while (true) {
			synchronized (x) {
			.......}
			}
		}

  synchronized在使用时会自动加锁、解锁，不像lock()需要手动解锁。自动锁可以一定程度上减少繁琐，但是一旦形成死锁就会很麻烦。
  那如果想要线程进行有序的循环访问该怎么办呢？这里就要说Condition了，后续会接着写。

  接下来是Synchronized的例子：
1、锁引用类型变量

public class Money {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
		MoneyWindown mw = new MoneyWindown();
		Thread mw1 = new Thread(mw, "窗口一");
		Thread mw2 = new Thread(mw, "窗口二");
		Thread mw3 = new Thread(mw, "窗口三");
		Thread mw4 = new Thread(mw, "窗口四");
		mw1.start();
		mw2.start();
		mw3.start();
		mw4.start();
	}
}
class MoneyWindown implements Runnable {
	Integer money = 100;
	@Override
	public void run() {
		synchronized (money) {
			while (money > 0) {
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在售票\t" + "剩余票数:\t" + money--);
			}
		}
	}
}

效果：

2、锁对象

public class Money {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
		MoneyWindown mw = new MoneyWindown();
		Thread mw1 = new Thread(mw, "窗口一");
		Thread mw2 = new Thread(mw, "窗口二");
		Thread mw3 = new Thread(mw, "窗口三");
		Thread mw4 = new Thread(mw, "窗口四");
		mw1.start();
		mw2.start();
		mw3.start();
		mw4.start();
	}
}
class MoneyWindown implements Runnable {
	Integer money = 100;
	@Override
	public void run() {
		synchronized (MoneyWindown.class) {
			while (money > 0) {
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在售票\t" + "剩余票数:\t" + money--);
			}
		}
	}
}

效果：

3、锁方法

public class Money {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
		MoneyWindown mw = new MoneyWindown();
		Thread mw1 = new Thread(mw, "窗口一");
		Thread mw2 = new Thread(mw, "窗口二");
		Thread mw3 = new Thread(mw, "窗口三");
		Thread mw4 = new Thread(mw, "窗口四");
		mw1.start();
		mw2.start();
		mw3.start();
		mw4.start();
	}
}
class MoneyWindown implements Runnable {
	Integer money = 100;
	@Override
	public synchronized void run() {
		//synchronized (MoneyWindown.class) {
			while (money > 0) {
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在售票\t" + "剩余票数:\t" + money--);
			}
		//}
	}
}

效果：