Netty(2)--handler的执行顺序

1. 简介

Handler在netty中,无疑占据着非常重要的地位。Handler与Servlet中的filter很像,通过Handler可以完成通讯报文的解码编码、拦截指定的报文、统一对日志错误进行处理、统一对请求进行计数、控制Handler执行与否。一句话,没有它做不到的只有你想不到的。

Netty中的所有handler都实现自ChannelHandler接口。按照输出输出来分,分为ChannelInboundHandler、ChannelOutboundHandler两大类。ChannelInboundHandler对从客户端发往服务器的报文进行处理,一般用来执行解码、读取客户端数据、进行业务处理等;ChannelOutboundHandler对从服务器发往客户端的报文进行处理,一般用来进行编码、发送报文到客户端。

Netty中,可以注册多个handler。ChannelInboundHandler按照注册的先后顺序执行;ChannelOutboundHandler按照注册的先后顺序逆序执行,如下图所示,按照注册的先后顺序对Handler进行排序,request进入Netty后的执行顺序为:
在这里插入图片描述

2、demo案例

在这里插入图片描述

如上即为本测试demo的例子:

2.1、服务器端

EchoServer.java

package com.example.nettynew.server;


import com.example.nettynew.hander.EchoInHandler1;
import com.example.nettynew.hander.EchoInHandler2;
import com.example.nettynew.hander.EchoOutHandler2;
import com.example.nettynew.hander.EchoOuteHandler1;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * • 配置服务器功能,如线程、端口 • 实现服务器处理程序,它包含业务逻辑,决定当有一个请求连接或接收数据时该做什么
 */
@Component
public class EchoServer {


    @Autowired
    EchoInHandler1 echoInHandler1;

    @Autowired
    EchoInHandler2 echoInHandler2;

    @Autowired
    EchoOuteHandler1 echoOuteHandler1;


    @Autowired
    EchoOutHandler2 echoOutHandler2;


    public void start() throws Exception {
        EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup = null;
        try {
            //server端引导类
            ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
            //连接池处理数据
            eventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            serverBootstrap.group(eventLoopGroup)
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)//指定通道类型为NioServerSocketChannel,一种异步模式,OIO阻塞模式为OioServerSocketChannel
                    .localAddress("localhost", 8099)//设置InetSocketAddress让服务器监听某个端口已等待客户端连接。
                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {//设置childHandler执行所有的连接请求
                        @Override
                        protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
                            // 注册两个InboundHandler,执行顺序为注册顺序,所以应该是InboundHandler1 InboundHandler2
                            // 注册两个OutboundHandler,执行顺序为注册顺序的逆序,所以应该是OutboundHandler2 OutboundHandler1
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(echoInHandler1);
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(echoOuteHandler1);
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(echoOutHandler2);
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(echoInHandler2);

                        }
                    });
            // 最后绑定服务器等待直到绑定完成,调用sync()方法会阻塞直到服务器完成绑定,然后服务器等待通道关闭,因为使用sync(),所以关闭操作也会被阻塞。
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind().sync();
            System.out.println("开始监听,端口为:" + channelFuture.channel().localAddress());
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            eventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
        }
    }

}

EchoInHandler1.java

package com.example.nettynew.hander;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;


@Component
public class EchoInHandler1 extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
        System.out.println("in1");
        // 通知执行下一个InboundHandler
        ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);
    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        ctx.flush();//刷新后才将数据发出到SocketChannel
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
            throws Exception {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }

}

EchoInHandler2.java

package com.example.nettynew.hander;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Date;

@Component
public class EchoInHandler2 extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
            throws Exception {
        System.out.println("in2");
        ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
        byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
        buf.readBytes(req);
        String body = new String(req, "UTF-8");
        System.out.println("接收客户端数据:" + body);
        //向客户端写数据
        System.out.println("server向client发送数据");
        String currentTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString();
        ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes());
        ctx.write(resp);

    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        ctx.flush();//刷新后才将数据发出到SocketChannel
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
            throws Exception {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }

}

EchoOuteHandler1.java

package com.example.nettynew.hander;

import java.util.Date;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPromise;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class EchoOuteHandler1 extends ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter {
    @Override
    // 向client发送消息
    public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("out1");
        /*System.out.println(msg);*/

        String currentTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString();
        ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes());
        ctx.write(resp);
        ctx.flush();
    }
}

EchoOutHandler2.java

package com.example.nettynew.hander;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPromise;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class EchoOutHandler2 extends ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("out2");
        // 执行下一个OutboundHandler
            /*System.out.println("at first..msg = "+msg);
            msg = "hi newed in out2";*/
        super.write(ctx, msg, promise);
    }

}
2.2、客户端

EchoClient.java

package send_order.client;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

/**
 * • 连接服务器 • 写数据到服务器 • 等待接受服务器返回相同的数据 • 关闭连接
 * 
 *
 *
 */
public class EchoClient {

    private final String host;
    private final int port;

    public EchoClient(String host, int port) {
        this.host = host;
        this.port = port;
    }

    public void start() throws Exception {
        EventLoopGroup nioEventLoopGroup = null;
        try {
            // 客户端引导类
            Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
            // EventLoopGroup可以理解为是一个线程池,这个线程池用来处理连接、接受数据、发送数据
            nioEventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            bootstrap.group(nioEventLoopGroup)//多线程处理
                    .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)//指定通道类型为NioServerSocketChannel,一种异步模式,OIO阻塞模式为OioServerSocketChannel
                    .remoteAddress(new InetSocketAddress(host, port))//地址
                    .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {//业务处理类
                                @Override
                                protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch)
                                        throws Exception {
                                    ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoClientHandler());//注册handler
                                }
                            });
            // 链接服务器
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect().sync();
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            nioEventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        new EchoClient("localhost", 20000).start();
    }
}

EchoClientHandler.java

package send_order.client;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;

public class EchoClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<ByteBuf> {
    // 客户端连接服务器后被调用
    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("客户端连接服务器,开始发送数据……");
        byte[] req = "QUERY TIME ORDER".getBytes();//消息
        ByteBuf firstMessage = Unpooled.buffer(req.length);//发送类
        firstMessage.writeBytes(req);//发送
        ctx.writeAndFlush(firstMessage);//flush
    }

    // • 从服务器接收到数据后调用
    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg)
            throws Exception {
        System.out.println("client 读取server数据..");
        // 服务端返回消息后
        ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
        byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
        buf.readBytes(req);
        String body = new String(req, "UTF-8");
        System.out.println("服务端数据为 :" + body);
    }

    // • 发生异常时被调用
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
            throws Exception {
        System.out.println("client exceptionCaught..");
        // 释放资源
        ctx.close();
    }
}
3、结果展示

在这里插入图片描述
但是大家主要注意到我把源码中的:

                            ch.pipeline().addLast(echoInHandler1);
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(echoOuteHandler1);
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(echoOutHandler2);
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(echoInHandler2);

改为:

                            ch.pipeline().addLast(echoInHandler1);
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(echoInHandler2);
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(echoOuteHandler1);
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(echoOutHandler2);

大家可以观察到下面的结果:outhandler没有起作用
服务器端
在这里插入图片描述

4、总结

在使用Handler的过程中,需要注意:
1、ChannelInboundHandler之间的传递,通过调用 ctx.fireChannelRead(msg) 实现;调用ctx.write(msg) 将传递到ChannelOutboundHandler。
2、ctx.write()方法执行后,需要调用flush()方法才能令它立即执行。
3、流水线pipeline中outhandler不能放在最后,否则不生效
4、Handler的消费处理放在最后一个处理。

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