LeetCode 热题 HOT 100 (019/100)【宇宙最简单版】

【链表】No. 0142 环形链表 II【中等】👉力扣对应题目指路

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题目描述:给定一个链表的头节点 head ,返回链表开始入环的第一个节点。 如果链表无环,则返回 null。

  • 如果链表中有某个节点,可以通过连续跟踪 next 指针再次到达,则链表中存在环。 为了表示给定链表中的环,评测系统内部使用整数 pos 来表示链表尾连接到链表中的位置(索引从 0 开始)。如果 pos 是 -1,则在该链表中没有环。注意:pos 不作为参数进行传递,仅仅是为了标识链表的实际情况

  • 不允许修改 链表

  • 示例:head = [3,2,0,-4], pos = 1

🔥 思路:设置快慢指针 fast slow, 如果有环的话,快慢指针会在环内相遇 (参考下图标记的相遇点)

  • 判断链表是否环:步长为 1slow和步长为 2fast相遇,则可判定有环
  • 推论一:快指针走了 n 圈,慢指针走了 1 圈:
    • 🍀为什么慢没完整走完一圈就被追上呢:因为慢如果跑了一圈说明快已经跑了两圈了
    • fast_idx = x + y + n*(z+y) ;slow_idx = x + y + (z+y)
    • fast_idx = 2*slow_idx: x + y + n*(z+y) = 2x + 2y + 2(z+y)
      • 简化获得: x = (n - 1) (y + z) + z:说明推论二
  • 推论二:一个从头节点处走 x 举例,一个从相遇处走很多圈 + z 距离,最终会在入口相遇 【结果需要的入口点】

参考如上思路,给出详细步骤如下:

  • 步骤一⭐初始化 快慢指针fast slow 都指向头节点 head
  • 步骤二⭐根据推论一移动快慢指针,有环则会相遇于图中所示相遇位置
    • 走到头都不相遇则说明无环
  • 步骤三⭐根据推论二移动临时重置到头节点的 temp 和上一步的 slow,相遇于图中所示入口位置
    • 返回相遇时的节点作为结果
# Definition for singly-linked list.
# class ListNode:
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.next = None

class Solution:
    def detectCycle(self, head: Optional[ListNode]) -> Optional[ListNode]:
        # ------------------------------------------- step 1
        slow = head
        fast = head
        while slow and fast and fast.next:  # ------- step 2
            slow = slow.next
            fast = fast.next.next
            if slow == fast: ## 快慢相遇,环判定成功,开始找环入口
                # ----------------------------------- step 3
                temp = head
                while not slow == temp:  
                    slow = slow.next
                    temp = temp.next
                return slow  # --------------------- step 3.1
        return None  # ----------------------------- step 2.1

希望对你有帮助呀!!💜💜 如有更好理解的思路,欢迎大家留言补充 ~ 一起加油叭 💦
🔥 LeetCode 热题 HOT 100

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