设计模式(八)----过滤器模式

概述

过滤器模式(Filter Pattern)，又叫标准模式(Criteria Pattern)，是一种结构型模式。
这种模式允许开发人员使用不同的标准来过滤一组对象，通过逻辑运算以解耦的方式把它们连接起来，它可结合多个标准来获得单一标准。
优点：简单，解耦，使用方便。
使用场景：需要进行筛选时。

实例

下面将创建Student对象，Filter接口和该接口的实现类，基于各种标准和它们的组合来过滤Student对象的列表(如统计有多少男生，一年级的学生等)。
创建Student类
该类属性有姓名、性别和年级。

public class Student {
	private String name;
	private String gender;
	private String grade;
	//省略setter和getter方法，无参构造和带参构造
}

创建过滤器接口

public interface Filter {
	//定义过滤方法
	public List<Student> doFilt(List<Student> students);
}

创建Filter接口的实现类
男生过滤器

public class MaleFilter implements Filter {
	public List<Student> doFilt(List<Student> students) {
		List<Student> students2 = new ArrayList<Student>();
		for(Student student : students) {
			if(student.getGender().equalsIgnoreCase("男")) {
				students2.add(student);
			}
		}
		return students2;
	}
}

女生过滤器

public class FemaleFilter implements Filter {
	public List<Student> doFilt(List<Student> students) {
		List<Student> students2 = new ArrayList<Student>();
		for(Student student : students) {
			if(student.getGender().equalsIgnoreCase("女")) {
				students2.add(student);
			}
		}
		return students2;
	}
}

一年级学生过滤器

public class FirstGradeFilter implements Filter {
	public List<Student> doFilt(List<Student> students) {
		List<Student> students2 = new ArrayList<Student>();
		for(Student student : students) {
			if(student.getGrade().equalsIgnoreCase("一年级")) {
				students2.add(student);
			}
		}
		return students2;
	}
}

二年级学生过滤器

public class SecondGradeFilter implements Filter {
	public List<Student> doFilt(List<Student> students) {
		List<Student> students2 = new ArrayList<Student>();
		for(Student student : students) {
			if(student.getGrade().equalsIgnoreCase("二年级")) {
				students2.add(student);
			}
		}
		return students2;
	}
}

与过滤器(交集)

public class AndFilter implements Filter {
	private Filter filter1;
	private Filter filter2;
	public AndFilter(Filter filter1,Filter filter2) {
		this.filter1 = filter1;
		this.filter2 = filter2;
	}
	public List<Student> doFilt(List<Student> students) {
		List<Student> students2 = filter1.doFilt(students);
		return filter2.doFilt(students2);
	}
}

或过滤器(并集)

public class OrFilter implements Filter {
	private Filter filter1;
	private Filter filter2;
	public OrFilter(Filter filter1,Filter filter2) {
		this.filter1 = filter1;
		this.filter2 = filter2;
	}
	public List<Student> doFilt(List<Student> students) {
		List<Student> students1 = filter1.doFilt(students);
		List<Student> students2 = filter2.doFilt(students);
		for(Student student : students2) {
			if(!students1.contains(student)) {
				students1.add(student);
			}
		}
		return students1;
	}
}

测试类

public class FilterPatternDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//定义对象列表
		List<Student> students = new ArrayList<Student>();
		students.add(new Student("叶凡","男","一年级"));
		students.add(new Student("无始","男","一年级"));
		students.add(new Student("狠人","女","一年级"));
		students.add(new Student("荒","男","二年级"));
		students.add(new Student("云曦","女","二年级"));
		students.add(new Student("火灵儿","女","二年级"));

		//定义过滤器对象
		//男生过滤器
		Filter maleFilter = new MaleFilter();
		//女生过滤器
		Filter femaleFilter = new FemaleFilter();
		//一年级学生过滤器
		Filter firstGradeFilter = new FirstGradeFilter();
		//二年级学生过滤器
		Filter secondGradeFilter = new SecondGradeFilter();
		//一年级男生过滤器
		Filter maleAndFirstGradeFilter = new MaleAndFirstGradeFilter(maleFilter,firstGradeFilter);
		//女生或二年级学生过滤器
		Filter femaleOrSecondGradeFilter = new FemaleOrSecondGradeFilter(femaleFilter,secondGradeFilter);

		//使用不同的过滤器对对象列表进行过滤，根据需求进行统计
		//统计所有男生
		System.out.println("男生");
		List<Student> students1 = maleFilter(students);
		printStudent(students1);
		System.out.println("==========================");

		//统计所有二年级的学生
		System.out.println("二年级学生");
		List<Student> students2 = secondGradeFilter(students);
		printStudent(students2);
		System.out.println("==========================");

		//统计一年级的男生(交集)
		System.out.println("一年级男生");
		List<Student> students3 = maleAndFirstGradeFilter(students);
		printStudent(students3);
		System.out.println("==========================");

		//统计女生和二年级的学生(并集)
		System.out.println("女生和二年级学生");
		List<Student> students4 = femaleOrSecondGradeFilter(students);
		printStudent(students4);
		System.out.println("==========================");
	}

	//打印学生信息方法
	public static void printStudent(List<Student> students) {
		for(Student student : students) {
			System.out.println("姓名：" + student.getName() + "，性别：" + student.getGender() + "，年级：" + student.getGrade());
		}
	}
}

打印结果为

通过上面的实例，可以发现，过滤器模式其实很简单，制定过滤规则，然后根据指定的标准进行过滤，得到符合条件的数据。但在构建过滤规则时较为繁琐，不过在java8之后，可使用stream流的方式更加方便地进行规则制定。