LUA基本语法一

1、LUA关键字：
and,break,do, else, elseif, end, false, for, function, if, in, local, nil, not, or, repeat, return, then, true, until, while

2、LUA大小写敏感

3、字符串：
双引号中可包含单引号，双引号需转义；
单引号中可包含双引号，单引号需转义；
[[]]可包含单双引号，可多行输出；

4、赋值：
支持多个变量赋值
a,b,c,d,e = 1, 2, “three”, “four”, 5
因此，可以用一行交换两个变量：a,b = b,a

5、用..两个点号连接字符串，或字符串和数字
print(“a=”..a, “b=”..b, “c=”..c, “d=”..d, “e=”..e)
print也可以不加括号输出

6、更多输出方式：
oi.write() 输出到标准输出上，但不会自动换行，print会；

7、表
1）简单的表创建
a = () —-创建一个空表
b = (1,2,3)
c = (“a”,”b”,”c”)
print(a,b,c)—-表不会直接打印出来

2）更多种建表方式
address = ()
address.Street = “wywam street”
address.StreetNumber = 360
address.AptNumber = “2a”
address.City = “Watertown”

print(address.StreetNumber, address[“AptNumber”])

---

IF语句结构
a = 1
if a == 1 then
print (“a is one”)
end

---

IF ELSE语句结构
b = “happy”
if b == “sad” then
print (“b is sad”)
else
print (“b is not sad”)
end

---

IF ELSEIF ELSE语句结构
c = 3
if c == 1 then
print (“c is 1”)
elseif c == 2 then
print (“c is 2”)
else
print(“c is 3”)
end

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条件性赋值语句
value = test and x or y
如果test表达式为真，则value等于x，否则，value等于y

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while语句结构
a = 1
while a ~= 5 do —-lua用~=来表示不等于
a = a+1
io.write(a..” “)
end

---

repeat until语句结构
a = 0
repeat
a = a+1
print (a)
until a == 5

---

FOR循环语句
–count from 1 to 4 by 1
for a=1,4 do io.write(a) end
print()
–count from 1 to 6 by 3
for a=1,6,3 do io.write(a) end

–更多种循环方式
for key, value in pairs((1,2,3,4))
do
print(key, value)
end
(可用于打印表结构）

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变量范围和函数
所有变量默认是全局的
要定义局部变量，需使用local关键字声明：
local b = “local variable”

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格式化输出
printf

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Math库函数
math.abs, math.sqrt()等等

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String库函数
string.byte, string.char, string.dump, string.find等等

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table库函数
table.concat, table.insert, table.maxn, table.remove, table.sort

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输入输出input/output库函数
io.close, io.flush, io.input, io.lines, io.open, io.output, io.popen, io.read, io.stderr, io.stdin, io.stdout, io.tmpfile, io.type, io.write, file:close, file:flush, file:lines, file:read, file:seek, file:setvbuf, file:write

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操作系统库函数
os.clock, os.date, os.difftime, os.execute, os.exit, os.getenv, os.remove, os.rename, os.setlocale, os.time, os.tmpname