xml练习案例（使用Dom4j解析）

注意：使用Dom4j需要导入第三方jar包

1、以如下格式的exam.xml文件为例

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<exam>
	<student idcard="111" examid="222">
		<name>张三</name>
		<location>沈阳</location>
		<grade>89</grade>
	</student>
	
	<student idcard="333" examid="444">
		<name>李四</name>
		<location>大连</location>
		<grade>97</grade>
	</student>
	
</exam>

２、编程实现如下功能

３、实现学生信息的添加

４、实现学生信息的查询

５、实现学生的删除功能

流程分析：

1.util工具包：

JaxpUtils.java:

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;

import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.io.OutputFormat;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;


//工具类
public class Dom4jUtils {

	//获取dom树
	public static Document getDocument(){
		//创建dom4j解析器
		SAXReader reader = new SAXReader() ;
		try {
			Document document = reader.read("src/exam.xml") ;
			return document ;
		} catch (DocumentException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return null ;
	} 
	
	//保存dom树到硬盘上
	public static void write2xml(Document document){
		try {
			XMLWriter writer = new XMLWriter(new FileOutputStream("src/exam.xml"),OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint()) ;
			writer.write(document) ;
			writer.close() ;
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

2.bean

Student.java

public class Student {

	private String idcard ;
	
	private String examid ;
	
	private String name ;
	
	private String location ;
	
	private float grade ;

	public String getIdcard() {
		return idcard;
	}

	public void setIdcard(String idcard) {
		this.idcard = idcard;
	}

	public String getExamid() {
		return examid;
	}

	public void setExamid(String examid) {
		this.examid = examid;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getLocation() {
		return location;
	}

	public void setLocation(String location) {
		this.location = location;
	}

	public float getGrade() {
		return grade;
	}

	public void setGrade(float grade) {
		this.grade = grade;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [idcard=" + idcard + ", examid=" + examid + ", name="
				+ name + ", location=" + location + ", grade=" + grade + "]";
	}
	
}

3.dao

Student.java

import java.util.List;

import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

import com.heima.bean.Student;
import com.heima.util.Dom4jUtils;



//业务逻辑处理类
public class StudentDao {

	/**
	 * 将学生添加到XML文件中
	 * @param student 要添加的学生
	 * @return 成功返回TRUE，否则FALSE
	 */
	public boolean add(Student student){
		//加载dom树
		Document document = Dom4jUtils.getDocument() ;
		//拿到根节点
		Element root = document.getRootElement() ;
		//创建一个student节点,及子节点
		Element stu = root.addElement("student").addAttribute("idcard", student.getIdcard())
								  .addAttribute("examid", student.getExamid()) ;
		//添加子节点
		stu.addElement("name").setText(student.getName()) ;
		stu.addElement("location").setText(student.getLocation()) ;
		stu.addElement("grade").setText(student.getGrade() + "") ;
		
		//将内存中的dom树保存到硬盘上
		Dom4jUtils.write2xml(document) ;
		
		return true ;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 根据学生的姓名删除学生
	 * @param name  要删除学生的姓名
	 * @return 成功返回TRUE，否则返回FALSE
	 */
	public boolean delete(String name){
		//加载dom树
		Document document = Dom4jUtils.getDocument() ;
		//拿到根几点
		Element root = document.getRootElement() ;
		//拿到所有的studnet节点
		List<Element> stuList = root.elements("student") ;
		//循环判断
		for (int i = 0; i < stuList.size(); i++) {
			Element stu = stuList.get(i) ;
			if(stu.elementText("name").equals(name)){
				//找到了要删除的学生
				//父亲干掉儿子
				stu.getParent().remove(stu) ;
				
				//保存结果
				Dom4jUtils.write2xml(document) ;
				return true ;
			}
		}
		
		return false ;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 根据准考证号查询学生
	 * @param examid 要查询学生的准考证号
	 * @return 成功返回此学生，否则返回null
	 */
	public Student findByExamId(String examid){
	    //加载dom树
		Document document = Dom4jUtils.getDocument() ;
		//拿到根节点
		Element root = document.getRootElement() ;
		//拿取所有的学生节点
		List<Element> stuList = root.elements("student") ;
		//循环拿取每个student节点的examid属性的值判断
		for (int i = 0; i < stuList.size(); i++) {
			Element stuNode = stuList.get(i) ;
			
			if(stuNode.attributeValue("examid") .equals(examid)){
				//找到了此学生
				//开始封装数据
				Student s = new Student() ;
				
				s.setExamid(examid) ;
				s.setIdcard(stuNode.attributeValue("idcard")) ;
				s.setName(stuNode.elementText("name")) ;
				s.setLocation(stuNode.elementText("location")) ;
				s.setGrade(Float.parseFloat(stuNode.elementText("grade"))) ;
				
				return s ;
			}
		}
		return null ;
	}
}

4.ui

StudentUI.java

import java.util.Scanner;

import com.heima.bean.Student;
import com.heima.dao.StudentDao;

public class StudentUI {
	
	static Scanner scan  = new Scanner(System.in) ;
	static StudentDao dao = new StudentDao() ;

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		System.out.println("请选择操作： a) 添加学生    b) 查询学生   c) 删除学生" );
		
		String op = scan.next() ;
		
		if("a".equalsIgnoreCase(op)){
			addStudent() ;
		}else if("b".equalsIgnoreCase(op)){
			findStudentByExamId() ;
		}else if("c".equals(op)){
			removeStudentByName() ;
		}else{
			System.out.println("没有此种操作");
		}
	}

	//删除学生
	private static void removeStudentByName() {
		System.out.println("请输入学生的姓名:");
		String name = scan.next() ;
		//调用业务逻辑层完成功能
		boolean flag = dao.delete(name) ;
		
		if(flag)
			System.out.println("---------删除成功-------------");
		else
			System.out.println("---------删除失败-------------");
	}

	//根据学生的准考证号查找学生
	private static void findStudentByExamId() {
		System.out.println("请输入准考证号:");
		String examid = scan.next() ;
		//调用dao层完成功能
		Student stu = dao.findByExamId(examid) ;
		
		if(stu != null)
			System.out.println(stu);
		else
			System.out.println("此学生不存在");
	}

	//添加一个学生
	private static void addStudent() {
		Student s = new Student() ;
		System.out.println("请输入姓名:");
		String name = scan.next() ;
		s.setName(name) ;
		
		System.out.println("请输入身份证号:");
		String idcard = scan.next() ;
		s.setIdcard(idcard) ;
		
		System.out.println("请输入准考证号:");
		String examid = scan.next() ;
		s.setExamid(examid) ;
		
		System.out.println("请输入地址:");
		String location = scan.next() ;
		s.setLocation(location) ;
		
		System.out.println("请输入分数:");
		String grade = scan.next() ;
		s.setGrade(Float.parseFloat(grade)) ;
		
		//调用dao层完成功能
		boolean flag = dao.add(s) ;
		
		if(flag)
			System.out.println("----------添加成功------------------");
		else
			System.out.println("----------添加失败------------------");
	}

}