Servlet3.0新特性

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-03 10:47:48 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-03 10:47:48 发布

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Servlet3.0新特性

1、注解代替配置文件

需要注意的是，如果使用Servlet3.0版本的话：首先Tomcat服务器必须使用7.0版本以上的（老版本不提供3.0版本），其次Eclipse创建Web工程时选择3.0版本。

Servlet3.0版本允许使用注解方式来替代web.xml文件中配置Servlet、Filter和Listener的信息，首先回忆一下web.xml文件是如何配置Servlet、Filter和Listener的：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.0" 
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
  <!-- 配置Servlet -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>ServletTest</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>app.java.servlet.ServletTest</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
    	<param-name>longestory</param-name>
    	<param-value>你好</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>ServletTest</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <!-- 配置Filter -->
  <filter>
  	<filter-name>FilterTest</filter-name>
  	<filter-class>app.java.servlet.FilterTest</filter-class>
  	<init-param>
    	<param-name>longestory</param-name>
    	<param-value>你好</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
  	<filter-name>FilterTest</filter-name>
  	<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
  <!-- 配置Listener -->
  <listener>
  	<listener-class>app.java.servlet.ListenerTest</listener-class>
  </listener>
</web-app>

使用注解替代web.xml文件配置Servlet。

@WebServlet(urlPatterns="/*",initParams={@WebInitParam(name="longestory",value="你好")},loadOnStartup=0)
public class ServletTest extends HttpServlet {
	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		super.doGet(req, resp);
	}
}

使用注解替代web.xml文件配置Filter

@WebFilter(urlPatterns="/*",initParams={@WebInitParam(name="longestory",value="你好")})
public class FilterTest implements Filter {
	@Override
	public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {}
	@Override
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1,
			FilterChain arg2) throws IOException, ServletException {
	}
	@Override
	public void destroy() {}
}

使用注解替代web.xml文件配置Listener

@WebListener
public class ListenerTest implements HttpSessionListener {
	@Override
	public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent arg0) {}
	@Override
	public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent arg0) {}
}

TestServlet:

package app.java.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebInitParam;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/*
 * <servlet>
 * 	<servlet-name></servlet-name>
 * 	<servlet-class></servlet-class>
 * 	<init-param>
 * 		<param-name></param-name>
 * 		<param-value></param-value>
 * 	</init-param>
 * 	<load-on-startup>0-9</load-on-startup>
 * </servlet>
 * <servlet-mapping>
 *	<servlet-name></servlet-name>
 *	<url-pattern></url-pattern>
 * </servlet-mapping>
 */
/*@WebServlet(
	name="TestServlet",
	urlPatterns={"/test","/atest"},
	initParams={@WebInitParam(name="hcx",value="www.hcx.com")},
	loadOnStartup=0
)*/
public class TestServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		
	}

	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		
	}

}

TestListener:

package hcx.java.servlet;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;

/*
 * <listener>
 * 	<listener-class></listener-class>
 * <listener>
 */
//@WebListener
public class TestListener implements HttpSessionListener {

	@Override
	public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent arg0) {
		
	}

	@Override
	public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent arg0) {
		
	}

}

TestFilter:

package hcx.java.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.DispatcherType;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebInitParam;
/*
 * <filter>
 * 	<filter-name></filter-name>
 * 	<filter-class></filter-class>
 * 	<init-param>
 * 		<param-name></param-name>
 * 		<param-value></param-value>
 * 	</init-param>
 * </filter>
 * <filter-mapping>
 *	<filter-name></filter-name>
 *	<url-pattern></url-pattern>
 * </filter-mapping>
 */
/*@WebFilter(
	urlPatterns={"/*"},
	initParams={@WebInitParam(name="",value="")},
	servletNames={"/test"},
	dispatcherTypes={DispatcherType.REQUEST,DispatcherType.FORWARD}
)*/
public class TestFilter implements Filter {

	@Override
	public void destroy() {
		
	}

	@Override
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1,
			FilterChain arg2) throws IOException, ServletException {
		
	}

	@Override
	public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
		
	}

}

2、使用servlet实现文件上传

* Servlet实现文件上传
* @MultipartConfig
@MultipartConfig(
maxFileSize=1024*1024*3, // 设置上传单个文件大小
maxRequestSize=1024*1024*10, // 设置上传总大小
fileSizeThreshold=1024*1024*3, // 设置缓存大小
location="WEB-INF/tmp" // 设置文件上传的临时目录
)
* 利用Part接口
* 获取Part接口实例:request.getPart(name)
* 常用方法:
* 手动获取上传文件名称:
String header = part.getHeader("Content-Disposition");
int index = header.lastIndexOf("filename=\"");
String filename = header.substring(index+10, header.length()-1);
* getInputStream()方法:获取文件输入流.
* write(保存文件的路径)方法:将上传的文件输入流,写入到指定的目录中.
* 解决中文乱码:
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

Servlet3.0的另一个新特性就是提供了处理文件上传的功能，使用Servlet3.0的内容实现文件上传需要以下几个内容：

Ø 在处理文件上传的Servlet上增加@MultipartConfig注解，表示当前Servlet符合MIME类型的multipart/form-data。

`int`	`fileSizeThreshold` The size threshold after which the file will be written to disk
`java.lang.String`	`location` The directory location where files will be stored
`long`	`maxFileSize` The maximum size allowed for uploaded files.
`long`	`maxRequestSize` The maximum size allowed for multipart/form-data requests

Part接口，表示允许接收MIME类型是multipart/form-data类型的POST请求。

`void`	`delete()` Deletes the underlying storage for a file item, including deleting any associated temporary disk file.
`java.lang.String`	`getContentType()` Gets the content type of this part.
`java.lang.String`	`getHeader(java.lang.String name)` Returns the value of the specified mime header as a `String`.
`java.util.Collection<java.lang.String>`	`getHeaderNames()` Gets the header names of this Part.
`java.util.Collection<java.lang.String>`	`getHeaders(java.lang.String name)` Gets the values of the Part header with the given name.
`java.io.InputStream`	`getInputStream()` Gets the content of this part as an InputStream
`java.lang.String`	`getName()` Gets the name of this part
`long`	`getSize()` Returns the size of this fille.
`void`	`write(java.lang.String fileName)` A convenience method to write this uploaded item to disk.

利用Servlet3.0实现文件上传的功能，具体实现代码如下：

1.创建一个JSP页面用于文件上传显示:

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <form action="uploadFile" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    	文件描述:<input type="text" name="filetext"><br>
    	<input type="file" name="upload"><br>
    	<input type="submit" value="上传">
    </form>
  </body>
</html>

2.创建一个Servlet用于处理文件上传逻辑。

@WebServlet(urlPatterns="/uploadFile")
@MultipartConfig(
fileSizeThreshold = 10 * 1024,//缓存大小，当上传的文件超出这个大小时会生成临时文件
location = "/temp",// 存放临时文件的目录
maxFileSize = 5 * 1024,// 单个文件大小限制
maxRequestSize = 10 * 1024// 整个请求大小限制
)
public class UploadFileServlet extends HttpServlet {
	@Override
	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		// 处理请求中文乱码
		req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		// 接收上传文件的描述内容
		String filetext = req.getParameter("filetext");
		// 接收上传文件的内容
		Part part = req.getPart("upload");
		// 获取上传文件的真实名称
		String cd = part.getHeader("Content-Disposition");
		int index = cd.indexOf("filename=\"") + 10;
		String filename = cd.substring(index, cd.length() - 1);
		// 读取上传目录的绝对路径
		String path = getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
		// 将上传文件进行保存
		part.write(path + "/" + filename);
	}
	@Override
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		doPost(req, resp);
	}
}

package hcx.java.upload;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.MultipartConfig;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.Part;

@WebServlet(urlPatterns={"/upload"})
@MultipartConfig(
	location="\\WEB-INF\\tmp",		// 设置文件上传的临时目录
	fileSizeThreshold=1024*1024*3,	// 设置缓存大小
	maxFileSize=1024*1024*3,		// 设置上传单个文件大小
	maxRequestSize=1024*1024*10	// 设置上传总大小
)
public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		doPost(request, response);
	}

	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		// 如何来处理文件的上传逻辑:Part接口
		request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		
		/*
		 * 1 如何获取文件上传的普通项?
		 *  * 通过Request对象的getParameter(String name)方法,可以或上传的普通项.
		 *    * name参数:指定客户端页面上传普通项的name属性值.
		 */
		String filetext = request.getParameter("filetext");
		
		/*
		 * 2 如何获取Part接口的实例对象?
		 *  * 通过Request对象的getPart(String name)方法,可以获取Part接口的实例对象.
		 *    * name参数:指定客户端页面上传文件域的name属性值.
		 *  * 通过Part接口的实例对象获取有关文件上传项的名称、文件输入流.
		 *  * Part接口提供的write(filename)方法:
		 *    * 将接收到的文件输入流,写入指定的服务器端的目录中.
		 *    * 参数filename:指定的保存文件的绝对路径.
		 *  * Part接口提供getName()方法:
		 *    * 获取的是上传文件域的name属性值.
		 *    * 并没有获取真实上传的文件名称.
		 *  * 上传的真实文件名称应该是如何获取到的呢?
		 *    * Servlet 3.0完成文件上传功能的诟病.
		 *    * 
		 */
		Part part = request.getPart("upload");
		/*String filename = part.getName();
		System.out.println(filename);*/
		
		/*
		 *  获取上传的真实文件名称:
		 *  Content-Disposition: form-data; name="upload"; filename="readme.txt"
		 */
		String header = part.getHeader("Content-Disposition");
		int index = header.lastIndexOf("filename=\"");
		String filename = header.substring(index+10, header.length()-1);
		
		InputStream in = part.getInputStream();
		String realPath = getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/uploads");
		part.write(realPath+"/"+filename);
	}

}

3、servlet异步处理

所谓异步处理就是指数据发送方发送数据给数据接收方后，不必等待数据接收方作出响应，可以继续发送下一个数据的通信方式。

Servlet3.0版本提供了相关异步处理的功能，具体实现方式如下：

需要使用注解在对应Servlet配置asyncSupported=true，表示当前Servlet支持异步。
通过Request对象的startAsync(Request,Response)方法获取异步上下文对象。
通过异步上下文对象调用start(newRunnable(){})方法开始异步处理，Runnable类的run()方法提供具体异步的逻辑代码。

* 实现异步的步骤:
* 需要使用注解在对应Servlet配置asyncSupported=true，表示当前Servlet支持异步.
* 通过Request对象的startAsync(Request, Response)方法获取异步上下文对象.
* 通过异步上下文对象调用start(new Runnable(){})方法开始异步处理，
Runnable类的run()方法提供具体异步的逻辑代码.
* 注意:
* 目前实际情况,实现异步交互的效果,基本上都是Ajax实现.

根据上述步骤，通过一个代码实例演示。

@WebServlet(urlPatterns="/async",asyncSupported=true)
public class AsyncServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, final HttpServletResponse resp)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		// 设置响应类型及编码格式
		resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		resp.getWriter().print("马上开始：<br/>");
		// 刷新缓冲区
		resp.getWriter().flush();
		// 获取异步上下文对象
		final AsyncContext ac = req.startAsync(req, resp);
		// 开始异步处理
		ac.start(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				try {
					for (char ch = 'A'; ch <= 'Z'; ch++) {
						resp.getWriter().print(ch);
						resp.getWriter().flush();
						Thread.sleep(250);
					}
					// 表示异步处理完毕
					ac.complete();
				} catch (Exception e) {
					throw new RuntimeException(e);
				}
			}
		});
	}
}

AsyncServlet

package hcx.java.async;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.AsyncContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@WebServlet(urlPatterns={"/async"},asyncSupported=true)
public class AsyncServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, final HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		// 设置响应类型及编码格式
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		response.getWriter().print("马上开始：<br/>");
		// 刷新缓冲区
		response.getWriter().flush();
		
		final AsyncContext context = request.startAsync(request, response);
		
		context.start(new Runnable() {
			
			@Override
			public void run() {
				try {
					for (char ch = 'A'; ch <= 'Z'; ch++) {
						response.getWriter().print(ch);
						response.getWriter().flush();
						Thread.sleep(250);
					}
					// 表示异步处理完毕
					context.complete();
				} catch (Exception e) {
					throw new RuntimeException(e);
				}
			}
		});
		
	}

	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		doGet(request, response);
	}

}