mysql练习
涉及到的表:
员工表:
部门表:
工资等级表:
1.取得每个部门最高薪水的人员名称
第一步:取得每个部门最高薪水【按照部门分组求最大值】
select deptno,max(sal) as maxsal from emp group by deptno;
第二步:将上面的查询结果当做临时表t,t表和emp e表进行表连接,
条件:t.deptno=e.deptno and t.maxsal=e.sal
select e.ename,t.*
from emp e
join (select deptno,max(sal) as maxsal from emp group by deptno) t
on t.deptno=e.deptno and t.maxsal=e.sal;
2.求出薪水在部门的平均薪水之上的人员
第一步:找出部门的平均薪水【按照部门编号分组求平均薪水】
select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno;
第二步:将上面的查询结果当做临时表t,t表和emp e表进行表连接:
条件:t.deptno=e.deptno and e.sal>t.avgsal
select e.ename,e.sal,t.*
from emp e
join (select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno) t
on t.deptno=e.deptno and e.sal>t.avgsal;
3.取得部门中(所有人的)平均的薪水等级(薪水等级的平均值)
3.1 取得部门中(所有人的)平均薪水的等级
第一步:取得部门的平均薪水
select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno;
第二步:将上面的查询结果当做临时表t,t表和salgrade s进行连接,
条件:t.avgsal between s.losal and s.hisal
select t.*,s.grade
from salgrade s
join (select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno) t
on t.avgsal between s.losal and s.hisal;
3.2 取得部门中(所有人的)平均的薪水等级
第一步:取得每一个员工的薪水等级
select e.ename,e.sal,e.deptno,s.grade
from emp e
join salgrade s
on e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal;
第二步:在以上的sql语句基础之上,继续以部门编号分组,求等级的平均值
select e.deptno,avg(s.grade)
from emp e
join salgrade s
on e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal
group by e.deptno;
4.不用组函数(max),取得最高薪水(给出两种解决方案)
方案一:按照薪水降序排列,取第一个
select sal from emp order by sal desc limit 1;
方案二:自连接
select sal from emp;//a表
select sal form emp;//b表
a表和b表进行连接:条件是a.sal<b.sal
select sal from emp
where sal not in(select distinct a.sal from emp a join emp b on a.sal<b.sal);
5.取得平均薪水最高的部门的部门编号(给出两种解决方案)
方案一:降序排列取第一个
第一步:取得每个部门的平均薪水
select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno;
第二步:取得平均薪水的最大值
select avg(sal) avgsal from emp group by deptno order by avgsal desc limit 1;
第三步:第一步和第二步联合
select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal
from emp
group by deptno
having avg(sal)=(select avg(sal) avgsal from emp group by deptno order by avgsal desc limit 1);
方案二:max函数
select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal
from emp
group by deptno
having avg(sal)=(select max(t.avgsal) from (select avg(sal) avgsal from emp group by deptno) t);
6.取得平均薪水最高的部门的部门名称
select d.dname,avg(e.sal) as avgsal
from emp e
join dept d
on e.deptno=d.deptno
group by d.dname
having avg(e.sal)=(select avg(sal) avgsal from emp group by deptno order by avgsal desc limit 1);
7.求平均薪水的等级最低的部门的部门名称
第一步:求各个部门平均薪水的等级
select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno;
select t.dname,t.avgsal,s.grade
from (select d.dname,avg(e.sal) as avgsal from emp e join dept d on e.dept=d.deptno group by d.dname) t
join salgrade s
on t.avgsal between s.losal and s.hisal;
第二步:获取最高等级值
select max(s.grade)
from (select avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno) t
join salgrade s
on t.avgsal between s.losal and s.hisal;
第三步:第一步和第二步联合
select t.dname,t.avgsal,s.grade
from (select d.dname,avg(e.sal) as avgsal from emp e join dept d on e.dept=d.deptno group by d.dname) t
join salgrade s
on t.avgsal between s.losal and s.hisal
where s.grade=(
select max(s.grade)
from (select avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno) t
join salgrade s
on t.avgsal between s.losal and s.hisal);
8.取得比普通员工(员工代码没有在mgr字段上出现的)的最高薪水还要高的领导人姓名
第一步:找出普通员工
select * from emp where empno not in(select distinct mgr from emp);
以上语句无法查询到结果,因为not in不会自动忽略null,需要手动排除null:
select * from emp where empno not in(select distinct mgr from emp where mgr is not null);
第二步:找出普通员工最高薪水
select max(sal) from emp where empno not in(select distinct mgr from emp where mgr is not null);
第三步:找出薪水高于1600(第二步的结果)即可
select ename,sal from emp where sal>(select max(sal) from emp where empno not in(select distinct mgr from emp where mgr is not null));
注意:not in不会自动忽略空值,但是in会自动忽略空值
select * from emp where empno in(select distinct mgr from emp);
补充:case…when…then…when…then…else…end使用在DQL语句中,类似于java中的switch…case
select ename,sal,(case job when 'manager' then sal*1.1 when 'salesman' then sal*1.5 end) as newsal
from emp;
其他情况保持原薪水:
select ename,sal,(case job when 'manager' then sal*1.1 when 'salesman' then sal*1.5 else sal end) as newsal
from emp;
9.取得薪水最高的前五名员工
select ename,sal from emp order by sal desc limit 5;
10.取得薪水最高的第六名到第十名员工
select ename,sal from emp order by sal desc limit 5,5;
11.取得最后入职的5名员工
select ename,hiredate from emp order by hiredate desc limit 5;
12.取得每个薪水等级有多少员工
第一步:找出每一个员工的薪水等级
select e.ename,e.sal,s.grade from emp e join salgrade s
on e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal;
第二步:在以上结果的基础之上,按照grade分组,计数
select s.grade,count(*)
from emp e
join salgrade s
on e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal
group by s.grade;
13.面试题
有3个表:S(学生表),C(课程表),SC(学生所选课表)
S(SNO,SNAME)代表(学号,姓名)
C(CNO,CNAME,CTEACHER)代表(课号,课名,教师)
SC(SNO,CNO,SCGRADE)代表(学号,课号,成绩)
问题:
1.找出没选过"黎明"老师的所有学生姓名。
2.列出2门以上(含两门)不及格学生姓名及平均成绩
3.既学过1号课程又学过2号课程所有学生的姓名
解:
- 主键只有一个:sno+cno是复合主键
- 外键有两个:同时sno是外键,cno也是外键
问题一:找出没选过”黎明”老师的所有学生姓名
第一步:找出黎明老师所授课程编号
select cno from c where cteacher='黎明';
第二步:通过"学生所选课程"查询 cno=上面结果 的sno,这些sno都是选择黎明老师课程的学号
select sno from sc where cno=(select cno from c where cteacher='黎明');
第三步:在学生表中查询sno not in上面结果的数据
select sname
from s
where sno not in(select sno from sc where cno=(select cno from c where cteacher='黎明'));
问题二:列出2门以上(含两门)不及格学生姓名及平均成绩
第一步:列出2门以上(含两门)不及格学生姓名
select sc.sno,s.sname
from sc
join s
on sc.sno=s.sno
where sc.scgrade<60
group by sc.sno,s.sname
having count(*)>=2;
第二步:找出每一个学生的平均成绩
select sno,avg(scgrade) as avgscore from sc group by sno;
第三步:第一步和第二步联合
select t1.sname,t2.avgscore
from (select sc.sno,s.sname
form sc
join s
on sc.sno=s.sno
where sc.scgrade<60
group by sc.sno,s.sname
having count(*)>=2) t1
join (select sc.sno,avg(sc.scgrade) as avgscore from sc group by sc.sno) t2
on t1.sno=t2.sno;
问题三:既学过1号课程又学过2号课程所有学生的姓名
第一步:找出学过1号课程的学生
select sno from sc where cno=1;
第一步:找出学过2号课程的学生
select sno from sc where cno=2;
第三步:第一步和第二步联合
select s.sname
from sc
join s
on sc.sno=s.sno
where sc.cno=1 and sc.sno
in(select sno from sc where cno=2);
14.列出所有员工及领导的姓名
emp a<员工表>
emp b<领导表>
select a.ename empname,b.ename leadername
from emp a
left join emp b
on a.mgr=b.empno;
15.列出受雇日期早于其直接上级的所有员工的编号,姓名,部门名称
emp a<员工表>
emp b<领导表>
select a.empno '员工编号',a.ename '员工姓名',a.hiredate '员工入职日期',
b.empno '领导编号',b.ename '领导姓名',b.hiredate '领导入职日期',
d.dname
from emp a
join emp b
on a.mgr=b.empno
join dept d
on a.deptno=d.deptno
where a.hiredate<b.hiredate;
16.列出部门名称和这些部门的员工信息,同时列出那些没有员工的部门
emp e<员工表>
dept d<部门表>
select e.*,d.dname
from emp e
right join dept d
on e.deptno=d.deptno;
17.列出至少有5个员工的所有部门【部门详细信息】
emp e<员工表>
dept d<部门表>
select d.deptno,d.dname,d.loc,count(e.ename)
from emp e
join dept d
on e.deptno=d.deptno
group by d.deptno,d.dname,d.loc
having count(e.ename)>=5;
18.列出薪资比“smith”多的所有员工信息
select * from emp where sal>(select sal from emp where ename='smith');
19.列出所有“clerk”(办事员)的姓名及其部门名称,部门的人数
第一步:
select e.ename,d.dname
from dept d
join emp e
on e.deptno=d.deptno
where e.job='clerk';
第二步:
select deptno,count(*) as totalEmp from emp e group by deptno;
联合:
select e.ename,d.dname,t.totalEmp
from dept d
join emp e
on e.deptno=d.deptno
join (select deptno,count(*) as totalEmp from emp e group by deptno) t
on d.deptno=t.deptno
where e.job='clerk';
20.列出最低薪资大于1500的各种工作及从事此工作的全部雇员人数
select min(sal),count(*),job from emp group by job having min(sal)>1500;
21.列出在部门“sales”(销售部)工作的员工的姓名,假定不知道销售部的部门编号
select ename from emp where
deptno=(select deptno from dept where dname='sales');
22.列出薪资高于公司平均薪资的所有员工,所在部门,上级领导,雇员的工资等级
emp a<员工表>
emp b<领导表>
dept d<部门表>
salgrade s<工资等级表>
select a.ename empname,d.dname,b.ename leadername,s.grade
from emp a
join dept d
on a.deptno=d.deptno
left join emp b
on a.mgr=b.empno
join salgrade s
on a.sal between s.losal and s.hisal
where a.sal>(select avg(sal) from emp);
23.列出与“scott”从事相同工作的所有员工及部门名称
select e.ename,e.job,d.dname
from emp e
join dept d
on e.deptno=d.deptno
where e.job=(select job from emp where ename='scott');
24.列出薪资等于部门30中员工的薪资的其他员工的姓名和薪资
select ename,sal
from emp
where sal in(select distinct sal from emp where deptno=30) and deptno<>30;
25.列出薪资高于在部门30工作的所有员工的薪资的员工的姓名和薪资、部门名称
找出30部门的最高薪资
select max(sal) from emp where deptno=30;
select e.ename,e.sal
from emp e
join dept d
on e.deptno=d.deptno
where e.sal>(select max(sal) from emp where deptno=30);
26.列出在每个部门工作的员工数量,平均工资和平均服务期限
第一步:将员工表emp e和部门表dept d进行表连接,将部门表数据全部显示
select e.*,d.*
from emp e
right join dept d
on e.deptno=d.deptno;
第二步:以上查询结果的基础之上按照d.deptno分组,按照e.ename计数
select d.deptno,count(e.ename)
from emp e
right join dept d
on e.deptno=d.deptno
group by d.deptno;
第三步:以上结果的基础之上继续计算平均工资
select d.deptno,count(e.ename) totalEmp,ifnull(avg(e.sal),0) avgsal
from emp e
right join dept d
on e.deptno=d.deptno
group by d.deptno;
第四步:在以上结果的基础之上继续计算平均服务期限
to_days():把日期转换为天
select d.deptno,
count(e.ename) as totalEmp,
ifnull(avg(e.sal),0) as avgsal,
ifnull(avg((to_days(now())-to_days(hiredate))/365),0) as avgtime
from emp e
right join dept d
on e.deptno=d.deptno
group by d.deptno;
27.列出所有员工的姓名,部门名称和工资
select e.ename,d.dname,e.sal
from emp e
join dept d
on e.deptno=d.deptno;
28.列出所有部门的详细信息和人数
select d.deptno,d.dname,d.loc,count(e.ename)
from emp e
right join dept d
on e.deptno=d.deptno
group by d.deptno,d.dname,d.loc;
29.列出各种工作的最低工资及从事此工作的雇员姓名
第一步:得出各种工作的最低工资:
select job,min(sal) as minsal
from emp
group by job;
第二步:将以上结果看做临时表t,和emp表进行连接
select e.ename,t.*
from emp e
join (select job,min(sal) as minsal
from emp
roup by job) t
on e.job=t.job and e.sal=t.minsal;
30.列出各个部门的manager的最低薪资
select deptno,min(sal)
from emp
where job='manager'
group by deptno;
31.列出所有员工的年工资,按年薪从低到高排序
select ename,((sal+ifnull(comm,0))*12) as yearsal
from emp
order by yearsal asc;
32.求出员工领导的薪水超过3000的员工名称与领导名称
select a.ename empname,a.sal,b.ename leadername,b.sal
from emp a
join emp b
on a.mgr=b.empno
where b.sal>3000;
33.求出部门名称中,带‘S’字符的部门员工的工资合计、部门人数
select d.dname,ifnull(sum(e.sal),0) as sumsal,count(e.ename) as totalEmp
from emp e
right join dept d
on e.deptno=d.deptno
where d.dname like '%S%'
group by d.dname;
34.给任职日期超过30年的员工加薪10%
update emp_bak set sal=sal*1.1
where (to_days(now())-to_days(hiredate))/365>30;