6、MyBatis框架——通过包的形式指定Mapper文件、通过配置文件配置mybatis全局配置参数、结果集映射处理、MyBatis对参数的处理、取值标识符的区别

目录

一、通过包的形式指定Mapper文件

1、代码演示 

二、通过配置文件配置mybatis全局配置参数

1、配置properties文件

2、在mybqtis全局配置文件引入外部数据源

三、处理实体类属性名与数据库字段名不一致返回结果集问题

1、解决方法一：给表字段名起别名

2、解决方法二：根据结果集的映射，手动指定数据库字段和实体类中属性的匹配方式

三、MyBatis对参数的处理

1、单个参数的传递方式

2、多个参数的传递方式

3、使用@Param注解

4、通过实体类对象实现参数的传递

5、通过Map集合传递参数

四、取值标识符的区别 

 1、#{ }

 2、${ }

---

一、通过包的形式指定Mapper文件

将dao层改为mapper层，接口命名为XxxxMapper

        package：通过包指定mapper文件的位置；

        XML文件名字和接口名字保持一致

        XML文件的层级目录要和接口保持一致

<mappers>
        <package name="com.mybatis.mapper"/>
    </mappers>

1、代码演示 

（1）准备数据库

CREATE DATABASE mybatisdatabase;
USE mybatisdatabase;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `admin`(
`uid` INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` VARCHAR(20),
`upassword` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
`address` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL
);

INSERT INTO `admin`(`username`,`upassword`,`address`) VALUES
('张三','123456','安徽合肥包河区'),
('李四','456789','安徽合肥高新区');

（2）创建module，创建maven工程、完善工程目录

（3）在pom.xml中引入依赖 

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.mybatis</groupId>
  <artifactId>mybatis03</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>mybatis03</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.12</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
      <version>3.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.48</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
      <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
      <version>1.18.24</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>log4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.17</version>

    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

（4）搭建MVC架构，创建实体类以及mapper层级下的接口

package com.mybatis.entity;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class Admin {
  
  private long uid;
  private String username;
  private String upassword;
  private String address;
  

}

package com.mybatis.mapper;

import com.mybatis.entity.Admin;

import java.util.List;

public interface AdminMapper {
    public List<Admin> selectAll();
}

（5）在resources目录下新建文件夹Directory，用来放置mybatis全局配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>

    <settings>
        <!--        开启驼峰映射-->
        <setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
        <!--        开启日志打印-->
        <setting name="logImpl" value="LOG4J"/>
    </settings>

    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.mybatis.entity"/>
        <package name="com.mybatis.dao"/>
    </typeAliases>

    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
                <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mybatisdatabase"/>
                <property name="username" value="root"/>
                <property name="password" value="123456"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    <mappers>
        <package name="com.mybatis.mapper.AdminMapper"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

（6）在resources目录下新建Directory放置mapper映射文件，包名和mapper接口相同

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.mybatis.mapper.AdminMapper">

    <select id="selectAll" resultType="admin">
        select * from admin
    </select>

</mapper>

（7）在resources目录下添加log4j.properties配置文件

#打印日志的级别：可控制打印信息，哪些打印，哪些不打印
#Console：打印窗口
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,Console
#Console
log4j.appender.Console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.console.Target=System.out
#设置打印格式
log4j.appender.Console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
#设置打印信息
log4j.appender.Console.layout.ConversionPattern=%d [%t] %-5p [%c] - %m%n
#打印日志级别：设置打印级别只要不是ERROR级别就不打印
log4j.logger.org.apache=ERROR
log4j.logger.org.mybatis=ERROR
log4j.logger.org.springframework=ERROR
#这个需要
log4j.logger.log4jdbc.debug=ERROR
log4j.logger.com.gk.mapper=ERROR
log4j.logger.jdbc.audit=ERROR
log4j.logger.jdbc.resultset=ERROR
#这个打印SQL语句非常重要
log4j.logger.jdbc.sqlonly=DEBUG
log4j.logger.jdbc.sqltiming=ERROR
log4j.logger.jdbc.connection=FATAL

（8）代码测试

package com.mybatis.mapper;

import com.mybatis.entity.Admin;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

public class AdminMapperTest {

    //创建SqlSessionFactory工厂对象
    SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = null;

    @Before
    public void init(){
        System.out.println("init()");
        InputStream resourceAsStream;
        try {
            resourceAsStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("config/mybatis-config.xml");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(resourceAsStream);
    }
    @Test
    public void selectAll() {
        //创建SqlSession会话
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        //获取AdminMapper接口动态代理对象
        AdminMapper adminMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(AdminMapper.class);
        //通过接口调用方法
        List<Admin> adminList = adminMapper.selectAll();
        //输出
        for (Admin admin:adminList){
            System.out.println("admin = " + admin);
        }
        //关闭资源
        sqlSession.close();
    }
}

二、通过配置文件配置mybatis全局配置参数

1、配置properties文件

在resources目录下的config中新建Resource Bundle

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mybatisdatabase
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456

2、在mybqtis全局配置文件引入外部数据源

在mybatis全局配置文件中的<configuration>标签中使用<properties>标签引入外部数据源

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>

<!--    引入外部数据源参数-->
    <properties resource="config/jdbc.properties"></properties>

    <settings>
        <!--        开启驼峰映射-->
        <setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
        <!--        开启日志打印-->
        <setting name="logImpl" value="LOG4J"/>
    </settings>

    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.mybatis.entity"/>
    </typeAliases>

    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
                <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
                <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
                <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    <mappers>
        <package name="com.mybatis.mapper"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

三、处理实体类属性名与数据库字段名不一致返回结果集问题

当实体类的属性与数据库字段名不一致时，无法获取数据库中的数据，那如何解决呢？

1、解决方法一：给表字段名起别名

select查询的结果是一张表，但这张表不是真实存在的，我们在代码中拿到的数据是这张表的数据，我们可以通过给数据库字段名起别名来获取数据

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.mybatis.mapper.AdminMapper">


    <select id="selectAll" resultType="admin">
        select uid,username AS uname,upassword,address from admin
    </select>

</mapper>

2、解决方法二：根据结果集的映射，手动指定数据库字段和实体类中属性的匹配方式

在mapper文件中，使用resultMap标签设置数据库字段对应的实体类属性

        --->id：映射名称

        --->type：映射结果集的类型

id标签：数据库表的主键

result标签：结果

        --->column：数据库字段名

        --->property：实体类属性 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.mybatis.mapper.AdminMapper">

    <resultMap id="adminMap" type="admin">
        <id column="uid" property="uid"></id>
        <result column="username" property="uname"></result>
        <result column="upassword" property="upassword"></result>
        <result column="address" property="address"></result>
    </resultMap>

    <select id="selectAll" resultMap="adminMap">
select * from admin
    </select>

</mapper>

三、MyBatis对参数的处理

一般在传参时，都是根据属性名传参

1、单个参数的传递方式

当只传递一个参数时，SQL语句取值时标识符可任意（违背了见名知意的规则，一般不使用）

2、多个参数的传递方式

 在MyBatis中传递多个参数时，传统的传递参数方式不适用

在MyBatis中传递多个参数时使用param标识符 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.mybatis.mapper.AdminMapper">

    <resultMap id="adminMap" type="admin">
        <id column="uid" property="uid"></id>
        <result column="username" property="uname"></result>
        <result column="upassword" property="upassword"></result>
        <result column="address" property="address"></result>
    </resultMap>

    <select id="selectAll" resultMap="adminMap">
select * from admin
    </select>

    <select id="selectByUidAdmin" resultMap="adminMap">
        select * from admin where uid = #{a}
    </select>

    <select id="selectBYUnameByUpassword" resultMap="adminMap">
        select * from admin where username = #{param1} and upassword = #{param2}
    </select>


</mapper>

package com.mybatis.mapper;

import com.mybatis.entity.Admin;

import java.util.List;

public interface AdminMapper {
   List<Admin> selectAll();

   Admin selectByUidAdmin( int uid);

   Admin selectBYUnameByUpassword(String uname,String upassword);
}

package com.mybatis.mapper;

import com.mybatis.entity.Admin;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

public class AdminMapperTest {

    //创建SqlSessionFactory工厂对象
    SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = null;

    @Before
    public void init(){
        System.out.println("init()");
        InputStream resourceAsStream;
        try {
            resourceAsStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("config/mybatis-config.xml");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(resourceAsStream);
    }
    @Test
    public void selectAll() {
        //创建SqlSession会话
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        //获取AdminMapper接口动态代理对象
        AdminMapper adminMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(AdminMapper.class);
        //通过接口调用方法
        List<Admin> adminList = adminMapper.selectAll();
        //输出
        for (Admin admin:adminList){
            System.out.println("admin = " + admin);
        }
        //关闭资源
        sqlSession.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void selectByUidAdmin() {
        //创建SqlSession会话
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        //获取AdminMapper的动态代理对象
        AdminMapper adminMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(AdminMapper.class);
        //通过接口调用方法
        Admin admin = adminMapper.selectByUidAdmin(2);
        System.out.println("admin = " + admin);
        //关闭资源
        sqlSession.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void selectBYUnameByUpassword() {
        //创建SqlSession会话
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        //获取AdminMapper的动态代理对象
        AdminMapper adminMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(AdminMapper.class);
        //通过接口调用方法
        Admin admin = adminMapper.selectBYUnameByUpassword("张三", "123456");
        System.out.println("admin = " + admin);
        //关闭资源
        sqlSession.close();
    }
}

SQL语句中的username是数据库的字段名

3、使用@Param注解

给传递的参数名使用@Param注解

@Param：参数的标识符注解，后续在SQL语句中取值时，可以使用注解中配置的标识

4、通过实体类对象实现参数的传递

传递给SQL语句的参数是一个实体类对象，底层通过调用实体类的get()方法获取属性值 

 //通过实体类对象传参
   Admin selectAdmin(Admin admin);

 <select id="selectAdmin" resultMap="adminMap" parameterType="admin">
        select * from admin where username = #{uname} and upassword = #{upassword}
    </select>

    @Test
    public void selectAdmin() {
        //创建SqlSession会话
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        //获取AdminMapper的动态代理对象
        AdminMapper adminMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(AdminMapper.class);
        //创建实体类对象
        Admin admin = new Admin();
        admin.setUname("李四");
        admin.setUpassword("456789");
        System.out.println("admin = " + admin);
        //通过接口调用方法
        Admin admin1 = adminMapper.selectAdmin(admin);
        System.out.println("admin1 = " + admin1);
        //关闭资源
        sqlSession.close();
    }

5、通过Map集合传递参数

将需要传递的参数封装成一个Map集合，根据key获取对应的参数（标识符要和key保持一致）

 //通过map集合传递参数
   Admin selectByMap(Map<String,Object> map);

<select id="selectByMap" resultMap="adminMap" parameterType="map">
        select * from admin where username = #{uname} and upassword = #{upassword}
    </select>

    @Test
    public void selectByMap() {
        //创建SqlSession会话
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        //获取AdminMapper的动态代理对象
        AdminMapper adminMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(AdminMapper.class);
        //创建Map集合
        HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("uname","张三");
        map.put("upassword","123456");
        //通过接口调用方法
        Admin admin = adminMapper.selectByMap(map);
        System.out.println("admin = " + admin);
        //关闭资源
        sqlSession.close();
    }

四、取值标识符的区别 

 1、#{ }

（1）采用sql语句预编译的方式实现数据库的操作

（2）防止sql语句的注入

（3）效率较高

（4）字符串会自动添加单引号

 2、${ }

（1）采用SQL语句的拼接

（2）容易出现SQL注入问题

（3）效率较低

（4）字符串不会自动添加单引号

<select id="selectBYUnameByUpassword" resultMap="adminMap">
        select * from admin where username = '${uname}' and upassword = '${upassword}'
    </select>