C++实现工厂方法模式Factory Method Pattern

设计原则6：要依赖抽象，不要依赖具体类。（又称依赖倒置原则Dependency Inversion Principle）

不能让高层组件依赖低层组件，而且，不管高层组件或低层组件，两者都应该依赖于抽象。

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如何避免在OO设计中违反依赖倒置原则：

• 变量不可以持有具体类的引用。

                如果使用new，就会持有具体类的引用。可以改用工厂来避开这样的作法

• 不要让类派生自具体类。

                如果派生自具体类，就会依赖具体类。请派生自一个抽象。

• 不要覆盖基类中已实现的方法。

                如果覆盖基类已实现的方法，那么基类就不是一个真正适合被继承的抽象。基类中已实现的方法，应该由所有的子类共享。

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工厂方法模式定义了一个创建对象的接口，但由子类决定要实例化的类是哪一个。工厂方法让类把实例化推迟到子类。

工厂方法模式将产品的“实现”从“使用”中解耦。如果增加产品或者改变产品的实现，Creator并不会收到影响。

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#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

定义产品类

class Pizza {
public:
	std::string name;
	std::string dough;
	std::string sauce;
	std::vector<std::string> toppings;
	void prepare() {
		printf("Preparing %s\n",name.c_str());
		printf("Tossing dough...\n");
		printf("Adding sauce...\n");
		printf("Adding toppings:\n");
		for (int i = 0; i < toppings.size(); i++) {
			printf("    %s\n", toppings[i].c_str());
		}
	}
	void bake() {
		printf("Bake for 25 minutes at 350\n");
	}
	void cut() {
		printf("Cutting the pizza into diagonal slices\n");
	}
	void box() {
		printf("Place pizza in offical PizzaStore box\n");
	}

	std::string getName() {
		return name;
	}
};

class CheesePizza :public Pizza {
public:
	CheesePizza() {
		name = "Cheese Pizza";
		dough = "Regular Crust";
		sauce = "Marinara Pizza Sauce";
		toppings.push_back("Fresh Mozzarella");
		toppings.push_back("Parmesan");
	}
};

class NYStyleCheesePizza :public Pizza {
public:
	NYStyleCheesePizza() {
		name = "NY Style Sauce and Cheese Pizza";
		dough = "Thin Crust Dough";
		sauce = "Marinara Sauce";
		toppings.push_back("Grated Reggiano Cheese");
	}
};

class ChicagoStyleCheesePizza :public Pizza {
public:
	ChicagoStyleCheesePizza() {
		name = "Chicago Style Deep Dish Cheese Pizza";
		dough = "Extra Thick Crust Dough";
		sauce = "Plum Tomato Sauce";
		toppings.push_back("Shredded Mozzarella Cheese");
	}

	void cut() {
		printf("Cutting the pizza into square slices\n");
	}

};

class PepperoniPizza :public Pizza {
public:
	PepperoniPizza() {
		name = "Pepperoni Pizza";
		dough = "Crust";
		sauce = "Marinara sauce";
		toppings.push_back("Sliced Pepperoni");
		toppings.push_back("Sliced Onion");
		toppings.push_back("Grated parmesan cheese");
	}
};

class NYStylePepperoniPizza :public Pizza {
public:
	NYStylePepperoniPizza() {
		name = "NY Style Sauce and Pepperoni Pizza";
		dough = "Crust";
		sauce = "Marinara sauce";
		toppings.push_back("Sliced Pepperoni");
		toppings.push_back("Sliced Onion");
		toppings.push_back("Grated parmesan cheese");
	}
};

class ChicagoStylePepperoniPizza :public Pizza {
public:
	ChicagoStylePepperoniPizza() {
		name = "Chicago Style Deep Dish Pepperoni Pizza";
		dough = "Crust";
		sauce = "Marinara sauce";
		toppings.push_back("Sliced Pepperoni");
		toppings.push_back("Sliced Onion");
		toppings.push_back("Grated parmesan cheese");
	}
};

class ClamPizza :public Pizza {
public:
	ClamPizza() {
		name = "Clam Pizza";
		dough = "Thin crust";
		sauce = "White garlic sauce";
		toppings.push_back("Clams");
		toppings.push_back("Grated parmesan cheese");
	}
};

class NYStyleClamPizza :public Pizza {
public:
	NYStyleClamPizza() {
		name = "NY Style Clam Pizza";
		dough = "Thin crust";
		sauce = "White garlic sauce";
		toppings.push_back("Clams");
		toppings.push_back("Grated parmesan cheese");
	}
};

class ChicagoStyleClamPizza :public Pizza {
public:
	ChicagoStyleClamPizza() {
		name = "Chicago Style Clam Pizza";
		dough = "Thin crust";
		sauce = "White garlic sauce";
		toppings.push_back("Clams");
		toppings.push_back("Grated parmesan cheese");
	}
};

class VeggiePizza :public Pizza {
public:
	VeggiePizza() {
		name = "Veggie Pizza";
		dough = "Crust";
		sauce = "Marinara sauce";
		toppings.push_back("Shredded mozzarella");
		toppings.push_back("Grated parmesan");
		toppings.push_back("Diced onion");
		toppings.push_back("Sliced mushrooms");
		toppings.push_back("Sliced red pepper");
		toppings.push_back("Sliced black olives");
	}
};

class NYStyleVeggiePizza :public Pizza {
public:
	NYStyleVeggiePizza() {
		name = "NY Style Veggie Pizza";
		dough = "Crust";
		sauce = "Marinara sauce";
		toppings.push_back("Shredded mozzarella");
		toppings.push_back("Grated parmesan");
		toppings.push_back("Diced onion");
		toppings.push_back("Sliced mushrooms");
		toppings.push_back("Sliced red pepper");
		toppings.push_back("Sliced black olives");
	}
};

class ChicagoStyleVeggiePizza :public Pizza {
public:
	ChicagoStyleVeggiePizza() {
		name = "Chicago Style Veggie Pizza";
		dough = "Crust";
		sauce = "Marinara sauce";
		toppings.push_back("Shredded mozzarella");
		toppings.push_back("Grated parmesan");
		toppings.push_back("Diced onion");
		toppings.push_back("Sliced mushrooms");
		toppings.push_back("Sliced red pepper");
		toppings.push_back("Sliced black olives");
	}
};

定义创建者类

抽象创建者：抽象创建者通常会包含依赖于抽象产品的代码，而这些抽象产品由子类制造，创建者不需要真的知道在制造哪种具体产品。

class PizzaStore {

public:
	Pizza* orderPizza(std::string type) {
		//Pizza* pizza = factory->createPizza(type);
		Pizza* pizza = createPizza(type);
		pizza->prepare();
		pizza->bake();
		pizza->cut();
		pizza->box();
		return pizza;
	}

	virtual Pizza* createPizza(std::string type) = 0;
};

具体创建者

class NYPizzaStore :public PizzaStore {
public:
	Pizza* createPizza(std::string type) {
		if (type._Equal("cheese")) {
			return new NYStyleCheesePizza();
		}
		else if (type._Equal("pepperoni")) {
			return new NYStylePepperoniPizza();
		}
		else if (type._Equal("clam")) {
			return new NYStyleClamPizza();
		}
		else if (type._Equal("veggie")) {
			return new NYStyleVeggiePizza();
		}
		else {
			return NULL;
		}
	}
};

class ChicagoPizzaStore :public PizzaStore {
public:
	Pizza* createPizza(std::string type) {
		if (type._Equal("cheese")) {
			return new ChicagoStyleCheesePizza();
		}
		else if (type._Equal("pepperoni")) {
			return new ChicagoStylePepperoniPizza();
		}
		else if (type._Equal("clam")) {
			return new ChicagoStyleClamPizza();
		}
		else if (type._Equal("veggie")) {
			return new ChicagoStyleVeggiePizza();
		}
		else {
			return NULL;
		}
	}
};

测试程序

void main() {
	PizzaStore *nyStore = new NYPizzaStore();
	PizzaStore *chicagoStore = new ChicagoPizzaStore();

	Pizza* pizza = nyStore->orderPizza("cheese");
	printf("Ethan ordered a %s\n\n", pizza->getName().c_str());

	pizza = chicagoStore->orderPizza("cheese");
	printf("Joel ordered a %s\n\n", pizza->getName().c_str());

}

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参考：

1. EricFreeman, FreemanElisabeth, 弗里曼, et al. Head First设计模式[M]. 中国电力出版社, 2007.