Pytorch的x = x.view(x.size(0), -1) 的理解

之前对于pytorch的网络编程学习都是大致理解每一层的概念,有些语法语句没有从原理上弄清楚,就比如标题的x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)  。

这句话一般出现在model类的forward函数中,具体位置一般都是在调用分类器之前。分类器是一个简单的nn.Linear()结构,输入输出都是维度为一的值,x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)  这句话的出现就是为了将前面多维度的tensor展平成一维。下面是个简单的例子,我将会根据例子来对该语句进行解析。

class NET(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self,batch_size):
        super(NET,self).__init__()
        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(outchannels=3,in_channels=64,kernel_size=3,stride=1)
        self.fc = nn.Linear(64*batch_size,10)
 
    def forward(self,x):
        x = self.conv(x)
        x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)  
        out = self.fc(x)

上面是个简单的网络结构,包含一个卷积层和一个分类层。forward()函数中,input首先经过卷积层,此时的输出x是包含batchsize维度为4的tensor,即(batchsize,channels,x,y),x.size(0)指batchsize的值。 x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)简化x = x.view(batchsize, -1)。

view()函数的功能根reshape类似,用来转换size大小。x = x.view(batchsize, -1)中batchsize指转换后有几行,而-1指在不告诉函数有多少列的情况下,根据原tensor数据和batchsize自动分配列数。

class ResidualBlock(nn.Module): def init(self, in_channels, out_channels, dilation): super(ResidualBlock, self).init() self.conv = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, padding=dilation, dilation=dilation), nn.BatchNorm1d(out_channels), nn.ReLU(), nn.Conv1d(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, padding=dilation, dilation=dilation), nn.BatchNorm1d(out_channels), nn.ReLU() ) self.attention = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv1d(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1), nn.Sigmoid() ) self.downsample = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1) if in_channels != out_channels else None def forward(self, x): residual = x out = self.conv(x) attention = self.attention(out) out = out * attention if self.downsample: residual = self.downsample(residual) out += residual return out class VMD_TCN(nn.Module): def init(self, input_size, output_size, n_k=1, num_channels=16, dropout=0.2): super(VMD_TCN, self).init() self.input_size = input_size self.nk = n_k if isinstance(num_channels, int): num_channels = [num_channels*(2**i) for i in range(4)] self.layers = nn.ModuleList() self.layers.append(nn.utils.weight_norm(nn.Conv1d(input_size, num_channels[0], kernel_size=1))) for i in range(len(num_channels)): dilation_size = 2 ** i in_channels = num_channels[i-1] if i > 0 else num_channels[0] out_channels = num_channels[i] self.layers.append(ResidualBlock(in_channels, out_channels, dilation_size)) self.pool = nn.AdaptiveMaxPool1d(1) self.fc = nn.Linear(num_channels[-1], output_size) self.w = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv1d(num_channels[-1], num_channels[-1], kernel_size=1), nn.Sigmoid()) # 特征融合 门控系统 # self.fc1 = nn.Linear(output_size * (n_k + 1), output_size) # 全部融合 self.fc1 = nn.Linear(output_size * 2, output_size) # 只选择其中两个融合 self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout) # self.weight_fc = nn.Linear(num_channels[-1] * (n_k + 1), n_k + 1) # 置信度系数,对各个结果加权平均 软投票思路 def vmd(self, x): x_imfs = [] signal = np.array(x).flatten() # flatten()必须加上 否则最后一个batch报错size不匹配! u, u_hat, omega = VMD(signal, alpha=512, tau=0, K=self.nk, DC=0, init=1, tol=1e-7) for i in range(u.shape[0]): imf = torch.tensor(u[i], dtype=torch.float32) imf = imf.reshape(-1, 1, self.input_size) x_imfs.append(imf) x_imfs.append(x) return x_imfs def forward(self, x): x_imfs = self.vmd(x) total_out = [] # for data in x_imfs: for data in [x_imfs[0], x_imfs[-1]]: out = data.transpose(1, 2) for layer in self.layers: out = layer(out) out = self.pool(out) # torch.Size([96, 56, 1]) w = self.w(out) out = w * out # torch.Size([96, 56, 1]) out = out.view(out.size(0), -1) out = self.dropout(out) out = self.fc(out) total_out.append(out) total_out = torch.cat(total_out, dim=1) # 考虑w1total_out[0]+ w2total_out[1],在第一维,权重相加得到最终结果,不用cat total_out = self.dropout(total_out) output = self.fc1(total_out) return output优化代码
05-15
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