centos 使用小技巧

1、如何在linux下批量创建空文件
touch file{1..10}
如何批量删除文件
rm -f file{1..10}
除了文件file1，其他文件都删除
rm -f !(file1)
rm -f !(file1|file2) 除了文件file1和文件file2,都删除 

find . -name "*" -type f -size 0c | xargs -n 1 rm -f
find . -name "*" -type f -size 1024c | xargs -n 1 rm -f  
https://blog.csdn.net/abcjennifer/article/details/46860967

2、添加PS1环境变量
vim /etc/profile.d/env.sh
PS1="\[\e[1;31m\][\u@\h \w]\\$\[\eOm\]"
PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH
export EDITOR=vim   # 让visudo调用vim，默认调用vi

3、修改dhcp的配置文件模板
vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114,1.1.1.1;
option domain-name "wanghaitao.cn.com";
default-lease-time 6000;
max-lease-time 72000;
subnet 192.168.190.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
   range 192.168.190.10 192.168.190.100;
   option routers 192.168.190.1;
   filename "pxelinux.0";
   next-server 192.168.190.60;
}

4、centos 默认启动模式更改与查看
>1.查看当前默认启动界面命令：
systemctl get-default  

>2.修改默认启动界面为图形界面
systemctl set-default graphical.target  

>3.修改默认启动界面为命令界面
systemctl set-default  multi-user.target 

5、visudo 的相关设置
echo export EDITOR=vim >> /etc/profile.d/env.sh
visudo
%wheel ALL=(ALL)  NOPASSWD:ALL
usermod -aG wheel wang

6、设置与查看服务开机默认是否启用
systemctl enable httpd
systemctl is-enabled httpd 80
systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl is-enabled firewalld
systemctl enable named
systemctl is-enabled named

7、各服务对应的端口号
dhcp客户端端口号：68
dhcp服务器端口号：67
httpd端口号：80
sshd端口号：22
tftp端口号：69
nginx端口号：80

8、如何永久关闭selinux和防火墙
first step 关闭SELinux:
# cat  /etc/selinux/config
# sed -i.bak  's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=permissive/'  /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=enforcing  改成 SELINUX=permissive
# setenforce 0 临时关闭
# getenforce 确认是否更改成功
  Permissive  

secend step 关闭防火墙：
centos 7
# systemctl stop firewalld 
# systemctl disable firewalld

centos6
# chkconfig iptables off
# service iptables stop

加块硬盘和光盘，如何不重启让系统识别：
# echo '- - -' > /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan
# lsblk
# mount /dev/sr1  /var/ftp/pub/centos/7/os/x86_64/

9、如何快速配置yum源
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
mkdir /mnt/cdrom
echo "/dev/sr0  /mnt/cdrom iso9660 default 0 0"  >> /etc/fstab
mount -a
echo -e "[base]\nname=base\nbaseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/\n" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo 
echo -e "[epel]\nname=epel\nbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/x86_64/\ngpgcheck=0\nenabled=1\n" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo
centos6:
echo -e "[epel]\nname=epel\nbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/6/x86_64/\ngpgcheck=0\nenabled=1\n" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo

10、字符界面的浏览器
curl www.baidu.com
yum install links
links www.baidu.com

11、快速查看命令对应的安装包
which links
/usr/bin/links
rpm -qf /usr/bin/links

12、查看文本结尾处是否带有空格
cat -A ./file

13、DNS三大测试工具
dig www.baidu.com @1.1.1.1
host www.baidu.com  114.114.114.114
nslookup -qt=mx baidu.com 8.8.8.8

14、查看DNS配置是否生效
cat /etc/resolv.conf

15、快速配置ip地址
简配版：
ehco -e "DEVICE=ens33\nBOOTPROTO=dhcp\n" > /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
高配版：
echo -e "DEVICE=ens33\nIPADDR=172.20.100.100\nGATEWAY=172.20.0.1\nNETMASK=255.255.0.0\nBOOTPROTO=static\nONBOOT=yes" > /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
systemctl NetworkManager

systemctl network