JSON2


POST请求时的乱码处理:
在post提交中,如果填写的用户名为中文,就会出现乱码,但在火狐浏览器中提交中文可以
被服务端正确识别,原因是火狐会告诉服务器以什么方式解码
而IE和Chrome浏览器提交的数据,到了服务器都是以默认的解码方式ISO-8859-1来解析的

ps:提交时浏览器依据meta标记指定的UTF-8的方式进行编码

解决方案:
设置服务端的解码方式为utf-8即可
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

GET方式乱码的解决
以GET方式提交的数据存在于提交的消息头URL中,HTTP协议对于URI的编码方式为UTF-8,
但是uri后面的查询字符串的编码方式却是ISO-8859-1,到了服务器,容器针对uri的解码
方式是ISO-8859-1,依旧解析不了中文,所以会出现乱码,为了能支持地址中查询字符串的
中文格式,需要在浏览器和服务器同时进行支持UTF-8格式编码,解码设置
ISO-8859-1:本质上是单字节编码,自身不能显示中文

解决方案:
1.修改tomcat的默认解码格式
修改tomcat安装路径下conf/server.xml文件,找到Connector节点,增加URIEncoding="UTF-8"
这个属性即可

2.使用JavaScript语言中的encodeURI()方法,对open方法中的url进行编码

JSON
.JSON(JavaScript Object Notation)是一种轻量级的数据交换格式
.易于人阅读和编写,同时也易于及其解析和生成
.JSON完全独立于语言之外,但语法上借鉴了JavaScript

轻量级:相当于XML,JSON解析速度更快,文档更小

JSON的结构
.JSON主要分两种结构:
-"名称/值"对的集合,不同的语言理解为对象,记录,结构,字典,哈希表等.
-值的有序列表.大部分语言中理解为数组

(JavaScript)使用JSON表示一个对象
.{属性名:属性值,属性名:属性值....}
.注意:属性值可以是string,number,boolean,null,object.(function)
-属性名必须使用双引号引起来
-属性值如果是字符串,必须使用双引号括起来
json:
{"name":"sally","city":"北京","age":"15s"}

xml
<emp>
    <name>sally</name>
    <city>北京</city>
    <age>15</age>
</emp>

(JavaScript)使用JSON表示一个数组
语法定义:[value,value,value...]
.value可以是简单数据类型,也可以是object,数组类型.
例如:
[
{"name":"sally","city":"北京"},
{"city":"北京","age":"15s"}
]
------------------------
对象:
{"name":"sally","hobby":["sing","dance","eat"]}

实际开发状态
-数据交换原理

客户端                    服务端

JavaScript对象<----------JSON形式字符串对象


JSON字符串----------->JavaScript对象
.使用JavaScript语言的原生函数:eval();
.但是该方法有风险,使用需谨慎.(要预防服务器传送恶意方法)
var txt = "{'city':'北京','age':'15'}";
var obj2 = eval("("+txt+")");
alert(obj2.city2);

方法二:
var obj = JSON.parse(txt);
alert(obj2.city2);
.使用原生对象JSON提供的parse()方法
.如果该对象无效,说明浏览器版本太低

方法三:
使用JSON.JS文件为字符串增加方法
var txt = "{'city':'北京','age':'15'}";
var obj = txt.parseJSON();
alert(obj.city);

服务端
java对象转换成JSON
转换前的准备:
.引入必要的jar文件
commons-beanutils-1.8.0.jar
commons-collections-3.1.jar
commons-lang-2.5.jar
commons-logging-1.1.1.jar
ezmorph-1.0.6.jar
json-lib-2.4-jdk15.jar

.利用JSON官方提供的API:JSONObject,JSONArray提供的方法

This file creates a global JSON object containing two methods: stringify and parse. JSON.stringify(value, replacer, space) value any JavaScript value, usually an object or array. replacer an optional parameter that determines how object values are stringified for objects. It can be a function or an array of strings. space an optional parameter that specifies the indentation of nested structures. If it is omitted, the text will be packed without extra whitespace. If it is a number, it will specify the number of spaces to indent at each level. If it is a string (such as '\t' or ' '), it contains the characters used to indent at each level. This method produces a JSON text from a JavaScript value. When an object value is found, if the object contains a toJSON method, its toJSON method will be called and the result will be stringified. A toJSON method does not serialize: it returns the value represented by the name/value pair that should be serialized, or undefined if nothing should be serialized. The toJSON method will be passed the key associated with the value, and this will be bound to the value For example, this would serialize Dates as ISO strings. Date.prototype.toJSON = function (key) { function f(n) { // Format integers to have at least two digits. return n < 10 ? '0' + n : n; } return this.getUTCFullYear() + '-' + f(this.getUTCMonth() + 1) + '-' + f(this.getUTCDate()) + 'T' + f(this.getUTCHours()) + ':' + f(this.getUTCMinutes()) + ':' + f(this.getUTCSeconds()) + 'Z'; }; You can provide an optional replacer method. It will be passed the key and value of each member, with this bound to the containing object. The value that is returned from your method will be serialized. If your method returns undefined, then the member will be excluded from the serialization. If the replacer parameter is an array of strings, then it will be used to select the members to be serialized. It filters the results such that only members with keys listed in the replacer array are stringified. Values that do not have JSON representations, such as undefined or functions, will not be serialized. Such values in objects will be dropped; in arrays they will be replaced with null. You can use a replacer function to replace those with JSON values. JSON.stringify(undefined) returns undefined. The optional space parameter produces a stringification of the value that is filled with line breaks and indentation to make it easier to read. If the space parameter is a non-empty string, then that string will be used for indentation. If the space parameter is a number, then the indentation will be that many spaces. Example: text = JSON.stringify(['e', {pluribus: 'unum'}]); // text is '["e",{"pluribus":"unum"}]' text = JSON.stringify(['e', {pluribus: 'unum'}], null, '\t'); // text is '[\n\t"e",\n\t{\n\t\t"pluribus": "unum"\n\t}\n]' text = JSON.stringify([new Date()], function (key, value) { return this[key] instanceof Date ? 'Date(' + this[key] + ')' : value; }); // text is '["Date(---current time---)"]' JSON.parse(text, reviver) This method parses a JSON text to produce an object or array. It can throw a SyntaxError exception. The optional reviver parameter is a function that can filter and transform the results. It receives each of the keys and values, and its return value is used instead of the original value. If it returns what it received, then the structure is not modified. If it returns undefined then the member is deleted. Example: // Parse the text. Values that look like ISO date strings will // be converted to Date objects. myData = JSON.parse(text, function (key, value) { var a; if (typeof value === 'string') { a = /^(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})T(\d{2}):(\d{2}):(\d{2}(?:\.\d*)?)Z$/.exec(value); if (a) { return new Date(Date.UTC(+a[1], +a[2] - 1, +a[3], +a[4], +a[5], +a[6])); } } return value; }); myData = JSON.parse('["Date(09/09/2001)"]', function (key, value) { var d; if (typeof value === 'string' && value.slice(0, 5) === 'Date(' && value.slice(-1) === ')') { d = new Date(value.slice(5, -1)); if (d) { return d; } } return value; }); This is a reference implementation. You are free to copy, modify, or redistribute.
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