json2

在www.json.org上公布了很多JAVA下的json构造和解析工具,其中org.json和json-lib比较简单,两者使用上差不多但还是有些区别。下面接着介绍用org.json构造和解析Json数据的方法示例。
      用json-lib构造和解析Json数据的方法详解请参见我上一篇博文:Java构造和解析Json数据的两种方法详解一
一、介绍
      org.json包是另一个用来beans,collections,maps,java arrays 和XML和JSON互相转换的包,主要就是用来解析Json数据,在其官网http://www.json.org/上有详细讲解,有兴趣的可以去研究。
二、下载jar依赖包
      可以去这里下载
三、基本方法介绍
      由于org.json不能直接与bean进行转换,需要通过map进行中转,为了方便,我这里写了一个工具类JsonHelper,用于Json与Map、Bean的相互转换
package com.json;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
/**
 * 
 * 1:将JavaBean转换成Map、JSONObject
 * 2:将Map转换成Javabean
 * 3:将JSONObject转换成Map、Javabean
 * 
 * @author Alexia
 */
public class JsonHelper {
    
    /**
     * 将Javabean转换为Map
     * 
     * @param javaBean
     *            javaBean
     * @return Map对象
     */
    public static Map toMap(Object javaBean) {
        Map result = new HashMap();
        Method[] methods = javaBean.getClass().getDeclaredMethods();
        for (Method method : methods) {
            try {
                if (method.getName().startsWith("get")) {
                    String field = method.getName();
                    field = field.substring(field.indexOf("get") + 3);
                    field = field.toLowerCase().charAt(0) + field.substring(1);
                    Object value = method.invoke(javaBean, (Object[]) null);
                    result.put(field, null == value ? "" : value.toString());
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
    /**
     * 将Json对象转换成Map
     * 
     * @param jsonObject
     *            json对象
     * @return Map对象
     * @throws JSONException
     */
    public static Map toMap(String jsonString) throws JSONException {
        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(jsonString);
        
        Map result = new HashMap();
        Iterator iterator = jsonObject.keys();
        String key = null;
        String value = null;
        
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            key = (String) iterator.next();
            value = jsonObject.getString(key);
            result.put(key, value);
        }
        return result;
    }
    /**
     * 将JavaBean转换成JSONObject(通过Map中转)
     * 
     * @param bean
     *            javaBean
     * @return json对象
     */
    public static JSONObject toJSON(Object bean) {
        return new JSONObject(toMap(bean));
    }
    /**
     * 将Map转换成Javabean
     * 
     * @param javabean
     *            javaBean
     * @param data
     *            Map数据
     */
    public static Object toJavaBean(Object javabean, Map data) {
        Method[] methods = javabean.getClass().getDeclaredMethods();
        for (Method method : methods) {
            try {
                if (method.getName().startsWith("set")) {
                    String field = method.getName();
                    field = field.substring(field.indexOf("set") + 3);
                    field = field.toLowerCase().charAt(0) + field.substring(1);
                    method.invoke(javabean, new Object[] {
                    data.get(field)
                    });
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
            }
        }
        return javabean;
    }
    /**
     * JSONObject到JavaBean
     * 
     * @param bean
     *            javaBean
     * @return json对象
     * @throws ParseException
     *             json解析异常
     * @throws JSONException
     */
    public static void toJavaBean(Object javabean, String jsonString)
            throws ParseException, JSONException {
        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(jsonString);
    
        Map map = toMap(jsonObject.toString());
        
        toJavaBean(javabean, map);
    }
}
四、演示示例
这里以基本的几个常用方法进行测试
 
package com.json;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
/**
 * 使用json-lib构造和解析Json数据
 * 
 * @author Alexia
 * @date 2013/5/23
 * 
 */
public class OrgJsonTest {
    /**
     * 构造Json数据
     * 
     * @return
     * @throws JSONException
     */
    public static String BuildJson() throws JSONException {
        // JSON格式数据解析对象
        JSONObject jo = new JSONObject();
        // 下面构造两个map、一个list和一个Employee对象
        Map<String, String> map1 = new HashMap<String, String>();
        map1.put("name", "Alexia");
        map1.put("sex", "female");
        map1.put("age", "23");
        Map<String, String> map2 = new HashMap<String, String>();
        map2.put("name", "Edward");
        map2.put("sex", "male");
        map2.put("age", "24");
        List<Map> list = new ArrayList<Map>();
        list.add(map1);
        list.add(map2);
        Employee employee = new Employee();
        employee.setName("wjl");
        employee.setSex("female");
        employee.setAge(24);
        // 将Map转换为JSONArray数据
        JSONArray ja = new JSONArray();
        ja.put(map1);
        System.out.println("JSONArray对象数据格式:");
        System.out.println(ja.toString());
        // 将Javabean转换为Json数据(需要Map中转)
        JSONObject jo1 = JsonHelper.toJSON(employee);
        System.out.println("\n仅含Employee对象的Json数据格式:");
        System.out.println(jo1.toString());
        // 构造Json数据,包括一个map和一个含Employee对象的Json数据
        jo.put("map", ja);
        jo.put("employee", jo1.toString());
        System.out.println("\n最终构造的JSON数据格式:");
        System.out.println(jo.toString());
        return jo.toString();
    }
    /**
     * 解析Json数据
     * 
     * @param jsonString
     *            Json数据字符串
     * @throws JSONException
     * @throws ParseException
     */
    public static void ParseJson(String jsonString) throws JSONException,
            ParseException {
        JSONObject jo = new JSONObject(jsonString);
        JSONArray ja = jo.getJSONArray("map");
        System.out.println("\n将Json数据解析为Map:");
        System.out.println("name: " + ja.getJSONObject(0).getString("name")
                + " sex: " + ja.getJSONObject(0).getString("sex") + " age: "
                + ja.getJSONObject(0).getInt("age"));
        String jsonStr = jo.getString("employee");
        Employee emp = new Employee();
        JsonHelper.toJavaBean(emp, jsonStr);
        System.out.println("\n将Json数据解析为Employee对象:");
        System.out.println("name: " + emp.getName() + " sex: " + emp.getSex()
                + " age: " + emp.getAge());
    }
    /**
     * @param args
     * @throws JSONException
     * @throws ParseException
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws JSONException, ParseException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        ParseJson(BuildJson());
    }
}
 
 
运行结果如下
五、与json-lib比较
      json-lib和org.json的使用几乎是相同的,我总结出的区别有两点:
      1. org.json比json-lib要轻量得多,前者没有依赖任何其他jar包,而后者要依赖ezmorph和commons的lang、logging、beanutils、collections等组件
      2. json-lib在构造bean和解析bean时比org.json要方便的多,json-lib可直接与bean互相转换,而org.json不能直接与bean相互转换而需要map作为中转,若将bean转为json数据,首先需要先将bean转换为map再将map转为json,比较麻烦。
      总之,还是那句话—适合自己的才是最好的,大家要按需选取使用哪种方法进行解析。最后给大家介绍两款解析Json数据的工具:一是在线工具JSON Edit(http://braincast.nl/samples/jsoneditor/);另一个是Eclipse的插件JSON Tree Analyzer,都很好用,推荐给大家使用!
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This file creates a global JSON object containing two methods: stringify and parse. JSON.stringify(value, replacer, space) value any JavaScript value, usually an object or array. replacer an optional parameter that determines how object values are stringified for objects. It can be a function or an array of strings. space an optional parameter that specifies the indentation of nested structures. If it is omitted, the text will be packed without extra whitespace. If it is a number, it will specify the number of spaces to indent at each level. If it is a string (such as '\t' or ' '), it contains the characters used to indent at each level. This method produces a JSON text from a JavaScript value. When an object value is found, if the object contains a toJSON method, its toJSON method will be called and the result will be stringified. A toJSON method does not serialize: it returns the value represented by the name/value pair that should be serialized, or undefined if nothing should be serialized. The toJSON method will be passed the key associated with the value, and this will be bound to the value For example, this would serialize Dates as ISO strings. Date.prototype.toJSON = function (key) { function f(n) { // Format integers to have at least two digits. return n < 10 ? '0' + n : n; } return this.getUTCFullYear() + '-' + f(this.getUTCMonth() + 1) + '-' + f(this.getUTCDate()) + 'T' + f(this.getUTCHours()) + ':' + f(this.getUTCMinutes()) + ':' + f(this.getUTCSeconds()) + 'Z'; }; You can provide an optional replacer method. It will be passed the key and value of each member, with this bound to the containing object. The value that is returned from your method will be serialized. If your method returns undefined, then the member will be excluded from the serialization. If the replacer parameter is an array of strings, then it will be used to select the members to be serialized. It filters the results such that only members with keys listed in the replacer array are stringified. Values that do not have JSON representations, such as undefined or functions, will not be serialized. Such values in objects will be dropped; in arrays they will be replaced with null. You can use a replacer function to replace those with JSON values. JSON.stringify(undefined) returns undefined. The optional space parameter produces a stringification of the value that is filled with line breaks and indentation to make it easier to read. If the space parameter is a non-empty string, then that string will be used for indentation. If the space parameter is a number, then the indentation will be that many spaces. Example: text = JSON.stringify(['e', {pluribus: 'unum'}]); // text is '["e",{"pluribus":"unum"}]' text = JSON.stringify(['e', {pluribus: 'unum'}], null, '\t'); // text is '[\n\t"e",\n\t{\n\t\t"pluribus": "unum"\n\t}\n]' text = JSON.stringify([new Date()], function (key, value) { return this[key] instanceof Date ? 'Date(' + this[key] + ')' : value; }); // text is '["Date(---current time---)"]' JSON.parse(text, reviver) This method parses a JSON text to produce an object or array. It can throw a SyntaxError exception. The optional reviver parameter is a function that can filter and transform the results. It receives each of the keys and values, and its return value is used instead of the original value. If it returns what it received, then the structure is not modified. If it returns undefined then the member is deleted. Example: // Parse the text. Values that look like ISO date strings will // be converted to Date objects. myData = JSON.parse(text, function (key, value) { var a; if (typeof value === 'string') { a = /^(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})T(\d{2}):(\d{2}):(\d{2}(?:\.\d*)?)Z$/.exec(value); if (a) { return new Date(Date.UTC(+a[1], +a[2] - 1, +a[3], +a[4], +a[5], +a[6])); } } return value; }); myData = JSON.parse('["Date(09/09/2001)"]', function (key, value) { var d; if (typeof value === 'string' && value.slice(0, 5) === 'Date(' && value.slice(-1) === ')') { d = new Date(value.slice(5, -1)); if (d) { return d; } } return value; }); This is a reference implementation. You are free to copy, modify, or redistribute.

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