Java实践之路——JavaMail

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-30 08:15:00 发布

晨阳夕露

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-30 08:15:00 发布

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分类专栏： java 文章标签： javamail java string 服务器 email session

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今天讲述java组件JavaMail实现邮件的发送功能

应用一下百度百科上面JavaMail的描述

=================================================================

JavaMail，顾名思义，提供给开发者处理电子邮件相关的编程接口。它是Sun发布的用来处理email的API。它可以方便地执行一些常用的邮件传输。我们可以基于JavaMail开发出类似于Microsoft Outlook的应用程序　　

虽然JavaMail是Sun的API之一，但它目前还没有被加在标准的java开发工具包中（Java Development Kit），这就意味着你在使用前必须另外下载JavaMail文件。除此以外，你还需要有Sun的JavaBeans Activation Framework （JAF）。JavaBeans Activation Framework的运行很复杂，在这里简单的说就是JavaMail的运行必须得依赖于它的支持。在Windows 2000下使用需要指定这些文件的路径，在其它的操作系统上也类似。

　　JavaMail是可选包，因此如果需要使用的话你需要首先从java.sun.com下载。目前最新版本是JavaMail1.4，使用JavaMail的时候需要Javabean Activation Framework的支持，因此你也需要下载JAF。安装JavaMail只是需要把他们加入到CLASSPATH中去，如果你不想修改CLASSPATH的话，可以直接把他们的jar包直接copy到JAVA_HOME/lib/ext下。这样JavaMail就安装好了。

　　JavaMail包中用于处理电子邮件的核心类是：Session,Message,Address,Authenticator,Transport,Store,Folder等。Session定义了一个基本的邮件会话，它需要从Properties中读取类似于邮件服务器，用户名和密码等信息。

===============================================================

原理性的东西还是需要懂一些的，不然就只是盲从了，我就属于这种。呵呵，毕竟是初期接触，以后慢慢理解了。

在网上找了一些资料，根据自己的理解整理了一下，其中还是遇到了很多问题，下面讲述一下具体的过程

首先开发JavaMail，必须借助JavaMail的API，这些API在j2se的jdk中一般不存在，需要自己下载。然而我用的是jee5，里面自带了JavaMail的API和JAF，感觉方面，庆幸

按照“ Java实践之路——Jsp+Servlet+JavaBean”中的项目框架来实现，我们先写实体类，这里我们不对数据进行存储，所以就没必要整db和dao层的东西了

entity包中的Email.java，代码如下

package entity;

import java.util.Vector;

public class Email {
	private String mailTo = null;
	private String mailFrom = null;
	private String smtpHost = null;
	private String messageBasePath = "";
	private String subject;
	private String msgContent;
	private Vector attachedFileList;
	private String mailAccount = null;
	private String mailPass = null;
	private String messageContentMimeType = "text/html; charset=gb2312";
	private String mailbccTo = null;
	private String mailccTo = null;
	
	
	public String getMailTo() {
		return mailTo;
	}
	public void setMailTo(String mailTo) {
		this.mailTo = mailTo;
	}

	public String getMailFrom() {
		return mailFrom;
	}

	public void setMailFrom(String mailFrom) {
		this.mailFrom = mailFrom;
	}

	public String getSmtpHost() {
		return smtpHost;
	}

	public void setSmtpHost(String smtpHost) {
		this.smtpHost = smtpHost;
	}

	public String getMessageBasePath() {
		return messageBasePath;
	}

	public void setMessageBasePath(String messageBasePath) {
		this.messageBasePath = messageBasePath;
	}

	public String getSubject() {
		return subject;
	}

	public void setSubject(String subject) {
		this.subject = subject;
	}

	public String getMsgContent() {
		return msgContent;
	}

	public void setMsgContent(String msgContent) {
		this.msgContent = msgContent;
	}

	public Vector getAttachedFileList() {
		return attachedFileList;
	}

	public void setAttachedFileList(Vector attachedFileList) {
		this.attachedFileList = attachedFileList;
	}

	public String getMailAccount() {
		return mailAccount;
	}

	public void setMailAccount(String mailAccount) {
		this.mailAccount = mailAccount;
	}

	public String getMailPass() {
		return mailPass;
	}

	public void setMailPass(String mailPass) {
		this.mailPass = mailPass;
	}

	public String getMessageContentMimeType() {
		return messageContentMimeType;
	}

	public void setMessageContentMimeType(String messageContentMimeType) {
		this.messageContentMimeType = messageContentMimeType;
	}

	public String getMailbccTo() {
		return mailbccTo;
	}

	public void setMailbccTo(String mailbccTo) {
		this.mailbccTo = mailbccTo;
	}

	public String getMailccTo() {
		return mailccTo;
	}

	public void setMailccTo(String mailccTo) {
		this.mailccTo = mailccTo;
	}

	public Email(){}
	
	
}

这里定义了Email的基本数据，和一些数据接口

然后定义业务逻辑，bean中的EmailBean.java,代码如下

package bean;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Properties;

import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.AuthenticationFailedException;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.Multipart;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;

import mail.MailAuthenticator;
import entity.Email;

public class EmailBean {
	private Email email;
	// 是否采用调试方式
	private boolean debug = false;

	public Email getEmail() {
		return email;
	}

	public void setEmail(Email email) {
		this.email = email;
	}
	
	public EmailBean(){}
	
	public EmailBean(Email email)
	{
		this.email=email;
	}

	private void fillEmail(Session session, MimeMessage msg) throws IOException,
			MessagingException {
		String fileName = null;
		Multipart mPart = new MimeMultipart();
		if (email.getMailFrom() != null) {
			msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(email.getMailFrom()));
			System.out.println("发送人Mail地址：" + email.getMailFrom());
		} else {
			System.out.println("没有指定发送人邮件地址！");
			return;
		}
		if (email.getMailTo() != null) {
			InternetAddress[] address = InternetAddress.parse(email.getMailTo());
			msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, address);
			System.out.println("收件人Mail地址：" + email.getMailTo());
		} else {
			System.out.println("没有指定收件人邮件地址！");
			return;
		}
		if (email.getMailccTo() != null) {
			InternetAddress[] ccaddress = InternetAddress.parse(email.getMailccTo());
			System.out.println("CCMail地址：" + email.getMailccTo());
			msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.CC, ccaddress);
		}
		if (email.getMailbccTo() != null) {
			InternetAddress[] bccaddress = InternetAddress.parse(email.getMailbccTo());
			System.out.println("BCCMail地址：" + email.getMailbccTo());
			msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.BCC, bccaddress);
		}
		msg.setSubject(email.getSubject());
		InternetAddress[] replyAddress = { new InternetAddress(email.getMailFrom()) };
		msg.setReplyTo(replyAddress);
		// create and fill the first message part
		MimeBodyPart mBodyContent = new MimeBodyPart();
		if (email.getMsgContent() != null)
			mBodyContent.setContent(email.getMsgContent(), email.getMessageContentMimeType());
		else
			mBodyContent.setContent("", email.getMessageContentMimeType());
		mPart.addBodyPart(mBodyContent);
		// attach the file to the message
		if (email.getAttachedFileList() != null) {
			for (Enumeration fileList = email.getAttachedFileList().elements(); fileList
					.hasMoreElements();) {
				fileName = (String) fileList.nextElement();
				MimeBodyPart mBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
				// attach the file to the message
				FileDataSource fds = new FileDataSource(email.getMessageBasePath()
						+ fileName);
				System.out.println("Mail发送的附件为：" + email.getMessageBasePath() + fileName);
				mBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(fds));
				mBodyPart.setFileName(fileName);
				mPart.addBodyPart(mBodyPart);
			}
		}
		msg.setContent(mPart);
		msg.setSentDate(new Date());
	}

	public String sendEmail() throws IOException, MessagingException {
		
		Properties props = System.getProperties();
		props.put("mail.smtp.host", email.getSmtpHost());
		props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
		props.setProperty("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class", "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory");     
        props.setProperty("mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback", "false");     
        props.setProperty("mail.smtp.port", "465");     
        props.setProperty("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", "465");   

		MailAuthenticator auth = new MailAuthenticator();
		Session session = Session.getInstance(props, auth);
		session.setDebug(debug);
		MimeMessage msg = new MimeMessage(session);
		Transport trans = null;
		
		String result="";
		
		try {
			fillEmail(session, msg);
			// send the message
			trans = session.getTransport("smtp");
			try {
				trans.connect(email.getSmtpHost(), MailAuthenticator.MAIL_USER,
						MailAuthenticator.MAIL_PASSWORD);
			} catch (AuthenticationFailedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
				result = "连接邮件服务器错误";
				return result;
			} catch (MessagingException e) {
				result = "连接邮件服务器错误";
				return result;
			}
			Transport.send(msg);
			trans.close();
		} catch (MessagingException mex) {
			result = "发送邮件失败";
			mex.printStackTrace();
			Exception ex = null;
			if ((ex = mex.getNextException()) != null) {
				System.out.println(ex.toString());
				ex.printStackTrace();
			}
			return result;
		} finally {
			try {
				if (trans != null && trans.isConnected())
					trans.close();
			} catch (Exception e) {
				System.out.println(e.toString());
			}
		}
		System.out.println("发送邮件成功！");
		return "";
	}

}

这里定义了一个业务逻辑,就是发送邮件，用到了大量的JavaMail的API，还用刀了JAF中的DataHandler和FileDataSource类，主要用来处理附件的发送。程序中还有一个类MailAuthenticator，这是一个自定义的关于认证授权的类，它继承自Authenticator类，代码如下

package mail;

import javax.mail.Authenticator;
import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;

public class MailAuthenticator extends Authenticator {
	
    public static String MAIL_USER = "xx@gmail.com"; 
    public static String MAIL_PASSWORD = "xx"; 

    public MailAuthenticator() 
    { 
    } 

    protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() 
    { 
        return new PasswordAuthentication(MAIL_USER, MAIL_PASSWORD); 
    } 


}

这里从新自定义的目的是为了方便测试，程序中固定发送者的账号和密码，就不用每次输入了。我把它放在了mail包中

接下来是服务类，EmailService.java,代码如下

package service;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Vector;

import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import bean.EmailBean;
import entity.Email;

public class EmailService {
	
	private HttpServletRequest req;
	private HttpServletResponse res;
	
	public HttpServletRequest getReq() {
		return req;
	}

	public void setReq(HttpServletRequest req) {
		this.req = req;
	}

	public HttpServletResponse getRes() {
		return res;
	}

	public void setRes(HttpServletResponse res) {
		this.res = res;
	}

	public EmailService()
	{
		
	}
	
	public EmailService(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse res)
	{
		this.req=req;
		this.res=res;
	}
	
	public void sendEmail(String stmp,String from,String to,
			String subject,String content,String atachs){
		Email email=new Email();
		
		email.setSmtpHost(stmp);
		email.setMailFrom(from);
		email.setMailTo(to);
		email.setSubject(subject);
		email.setMsgContent(content);
		Vector vec=new Vector();
		
		String[] atach_list=atachs.split(";");
		
		for(String atach:atach_list)
		{
			vec.add(atach);
		}
		String result="";
		email.setAttachedFileList(vec);
		
		EmailBean bean=new EmailBean(email);
		
		try {
			result=bean.sendEmail();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (MessagingException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		try {
			PrintWriter out = this.res.getWriter();
			
			if(result.equals(""))
			{
				out.print("success");
			}
			else
			{
				out.print(result);
			}
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

这里也只提供了一个服务，就是发送邮件的服务。根据传送进来的数据，构建一个Email对象，然后放到业务逻辑bean中

然后就是请求的处理servlet中的EmailServlet.java了，代码如下

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import service.EmailService;
import service.UserService;

public class EmailServlet extends HttpServlet {

	private EmailService service;
	/**
	 * Constructor of the object.
	 */
	public EmailServlet() {
		super();
	}

	/**
	 * Destruction of the servlet. <br>
	 */
	public void destroy() {
		super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log
		// Put your code here
	}

	/**
	 * The doGet method of the servlet. <br>
	 *
	 * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.
	 * 
	 * @param request the request send by the client to the server
	 * @param response the response send by the server to the client
	 * @throws ServletException if an error occurred
	 * @throws IOException if an error occurred
	 */
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		doPost(request,response);
	}

	/**
	 * The doPost method of the servlet. <br>
	 *
	 * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to post.
	 * 
	 * @param request the request send by the client to the server
	 * @param response the response send by the server to the client
	 * @throws ServletException if an error occurred
	 * @throws IOException if an error occurred
	 */
	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		response.setContentType("text/html");
		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		
		service=new EmailService(request,response);
		
		String action="";
		action=request.getParameter("action");
		
		if(action==null || action.equals(""))
		{
			return;
		}
		//集中处理请求类型
		if(action.toUpperCase().equals("SENDEMAIL"))
		{
			String stmp=request.getParameter("stmp_host");
			String from=request.getParameter("mail_from");
			String to=request.getParameter("mail_to");
			String subject=request.getParameter("mail_subject");
			String content=request.getParameter("mail_content");
			String atachs=request.getParameter("mail_atach_list");
			
			service.sendEmail(stmp,from,to,subject,content,atachs);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Initialization of the servlet. <br>
	 *
	 * @throws ServletException if an error occurs
	 */
	public void init() throws ServletException {
		// Put your code here
	}

}

注意在web.xml中进行配置，这里就贴代码了

最后就是程序入口，web呈现层，代码如下

<div id="mail">
		<div><span>stmp服务器:</span><span><input type="text" id="stmp_host" value="smtp.gmail.com"/></span></div>
		<div><span>发送者地址:</span><span><input type="text" id="from" value="xx@gmail.com"/></span></div>
		<div><span>接收者地址:</span><span><input type="text" id="to" value="xx@126.com"/></span></div>
		<div><span>主题:</span><span><input type="text" id="subject" value="javaemail"/></span></div>
		<div><span>内容:</span><span><input type="text" id="content" value="do you recieve my message"/></span></div>
		<div>
			<span>附件</span>
			<span><input type="file" id="atach" /></span>
			<span><input type="button" value="add" οnclick="newAtach();" /></span>
		</div>
		<div id="atach_list">
			
		</div>
		<div><span><input type="button" value="send" οnclick="sendEmail();"/></span></div>
		<div id="email_result"></div>
	</div>

ajax处理请求的js代码

<script type="text/javascript">
var atach_list=[];
function sendEmail()
	{
		var stmp=$("#stmp_host").val();
		var from=$("#from").val();
		var to=$("#to").val();
		var subject=$("#subject").val();
		var content=$("#content").val();
		alert(atach_list[0]);
		var atachs="";
		
		$.each(atach_list,function(n,atach){
			atachs+=atach+";";
		});
		atachs=atachs.substring(0,atachs.length-1);
		alert(atachs);
		$.post("EmailServlet",{action:"SENDEMAIL",
			stmp_host:stmp,
			mail_from:from,
			mail_to:to,
			mail_subject:subject,
			mail_content:content,
			mail_atach_list:atachs},
			function(data){
				if(data=="success")
				{
					$("#email_result").append("邮件发送成功");
				}
				else
				{
					$("#email_result").append(data);
				}
			});
	}
	function newAtach()
	{
		var atach=$("#atach").val();
		if(atach!="")
		{
			atach_list[atach_list.length]=atach;
			$("#atach_list").append('<div id="atach'+atach_list.length+'">'+atach+'</div>');
			$("#atach").val("");
		}
		else
		{
			return;
		}
	}
</script>

当然要借助jquery了，注意这里要采用post的请求方式。

顺便把集中常用邮箱的stmp和pop服务器贴上来

怎样设置邮箱收发服务器(pop3\stmp)
163邮箱
　 POP3服务器：pop3.163.com
　 SMTP服务器：smtp.163.com
Yahoo邮箱
   POP3服务器：pop.mail.yahoo.com.cn
   SMTP服务器：smtp.mail.yahoo.com
搜狐邮箱
　 POP3服务器：pop3.sohu.com 
　 SMTP服务器：smtp.sohu.com
新浪邮箱
　 POP3服务器：pop.sina.com.cn 或pop3.sina.com.cn 
　 SMTP服务器：smtp.sina.com.cn
     请选择smtp服务器要求身份验证选项
139邮箱
　 POP3服务器：pop3.139.com 
　 SMTP服务器：smtp.139.com
Gmail邮箱
    POP3服务器：pop.gmail.com  端口:995  开启ssl
    SMTP服务器：smtp.gmail.com  端口:465 或者587  开启ssl
    帐号即用户名，密码相同，邮件地址为username@gmail.com
QQ邮箱
　 POP3服务器：pop.qq.com 
　 SMTP服务器：smtp.qq.com
      SMTP服务器需要身份验证
tom邮箱
　 POP3服务器：pop.tom.com.cn
　 SMTP服务器：smtp.tom.com.cn

完整可运行的代码就贴完了，做的过程中还是遇到了很多问题，这这里总结一下

总结：

1、因为我采用的是jee5中自带的JavaMail的API，然后tomcat中部署运行时，出现了如下错误

java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.mail.MessagingException

这是因为，tomcat没有识别到JavaMail的API类的原因，现在不庆幸当时自带的方便了。本来以为所有的API都可以在javaee.jar中找到，所以把这个jar包拷贝到WEB-INF下的lib目录下，结果不行。拷贝到tomcat的lib目录中，报错如下

java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: javax.servlet.ServletContext.getContextPath ()Ljava/lang/String;

在网上找了一下资料，其实是jar冲突问题，所以把tomcat目录下的lib目录中刚拷贝的javaee.jar删除，可以启动服务器。但是还是没有解决tomcat无法找到JavaMail API的问题，没办法，只有去下载了一个mail.jar放到WEB-INF下的lib目录中，结果就可以了

2、测试时，我采用了google的gmail作为发送者，结果还是发送失败，那是因为，gmail必须设置端口号和开启ssl，从上面的stmp和pop服务器列表说明上就可以看出，其他的应该不设置也应该可以发送

3、这里没有测试大附件的发送，没有测试出现超时的情况等

基本上就这些了，有任何问题欢迎交流学习

晨阳夕露

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