hadoop历史背景&hdfs分布式文件系统&hadoop的集群模式&单机模式&伪分布

hadoop历史背景&hdfs分布式文件系统&hadoop的集群模式&单机模式&伪分布

1、hadoop的历史背景

lucense ---->nutch---->hadoop

hadoop的思想来源：google的三大论文（GFS、mapreduce、bigtable）

hadoop的分为6块：

1、Hadoop Common: The common utilities that support the other Hadoop modules.
2、Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS™): A distributed file system that provides high-throughput access to application data.
3、Hadoop YARN: A framework for job scheduling and cluster resource management.
4、Hadoop MapReduce: A YARN-based system for parallel processing of large data sets.
5、Hadoop Ozone: An object store for Hadoop.
6、Hadoop Submarine: A machine learning engine for Hadoop

Related projects：

Other Hadoop-related projects at Apache include:
1、Ambari™: A web-based tool for provisioning, managing, and monitoring Apache Hadoop clusters which includes support for Hadoop HDFS, Hadoop MapReduce, Hive, HCatalog, HBase, ZooKeeper, Oozie, Pig and Sqoop. Ambari also provides a dashboard for viewing cluster health such as heatmaps and ability to view MapReduce, Pig and Hive applications visually alongwith features to diagnose their performance characteristics in a user-friendly manner.
2、Avro™: A data serialization system.
3、Cassandra™: A scalable multi-master database with no single points of failure.
4、、Chukwa™: A data collection system for managing large distributed systems.
5、HBase™: A scalable, distributed database that supports structured data storage for large tables.
6、Hive™: A data warehouse infrastructure that provides data summarization and ad hoc querying.
Mahout™: A Scalable machine learning and data mining library.
7、Pig™: A high-level data-flow language and execution framework for parallel computation.
8、Spark™: A fast and general compute engine for Hadoop data. Spark provides a simple and expressive programming model that supports a wide range of applications, including ETL, machine learning, stream processing, and graph computation.
9、Tez™: A generalized data-flow programming framework, built on Hadoop YARN, which provides a powerful and flexible engine to execute an arbitrary DAG of tasks to process data for both batch and interactive use-cases. Tez is being adopted by Hive™, Pig™ and other frameworks in the Hadoop ecosystem, and also by other commercial software (e.g. ETL tools), to replace Hadoop™ MapReduce as the underlying execution engine.
10、ZooKeeper™: A high-performance coordination service for distributed applications.

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hadoop的版本：

Hadoop三大发行版本：Apache、Cloudera、Hortonworks
apache hadoop：开源免费
hdp:hortworks公司研发
cdh:Clodera公司研发（常用）
mapR:
星环；

hadoop的定义：

The Apache™ Hadoop® project develops open-source software for reliable, scalable, distributed computing.

The Apache Hadoop software library is a framework that allows for the distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of computers using simple programming models. It is designed to scale up from single servers to thousands of machines, each offering local computation and storage. Rather than rely on hardware to deliver high-availability, the library itself is designed to detect and handle failures at the application layer, so delivering a highly-available service on top of a cluster of computers, each of which may be prone（倾向于） to failures.

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