iOS开发如何自己捕获Crash

为了在iOS中捕获和处理未捕获的Objective-C异常和系统信号引起的崩溃，可以使用`NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler`和标准的Unix信号处理机制来实现。这能帮助你记录绝大部分的崩溃信息。以下是详细的实现步骤和代码示例：

一、系统崩溃处理

通过`NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler`捕获未处理的Objective-C异常：

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interface UncaughtExceptionHandler : NSObject

+ (void)installUncaughtExceptionHandler:(BOOL)install showAlert:(BOOL)showAlert;

@end

#import "UncaughtExceptionHandler.h"
#include <libkern/OSAtomic.h>
#include <execinfo.h>

NSString * const UncaughtExceptionHandlerSignalExceptionName = @"UncaughtExceptionHandlerSignalExceptionName";
NSString * const UncaughtExceptionHandlerSignalKey = @"UncaughtExceptionHandlerSignalKey";
NSString * const UncaughtExceptionHandlerAddressesKey = @"UncaughtExceptionHandlerAddressesKey";
volatile int32_t UncaughtExceptionCount = 0;
const int32_t UncaughtExceptionMaximum = 10;
static BOOL showAlertView = nil;

void HandleException(NSException *exception);
void SignalHandler(int signal);
NSString* getAppInfo(void);

@interface UncaughtExceptionHandler()
@property (assign, nonatomic) BOOL dismissed;
@end

@implementation UncaughtExceptionHandler

+ (void)installUncaughtExceptionHandler:(BOOL)install showAlert:(BOOL)showAlert {
    if (install && showAlert) {
        [[self alloc] alertView:showAlert];
    }
    NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler(install ? HandleException : NULL);
    signal(SIGABRT, install ? SignalHandler : SIG_DFL);
    signal(SIGILL, install ? SignalHandler : SIG_DFL);
    signal(SIGSEGV, install ? SignalHandler : SIG_DFL);
    signal(SIGFPE, install ? SignalHandler : SIG_DFL);
    signal(SIGBUS, install ? SignalHandler : SIG_DFL);
    signal(SIGPIPE, install ? SignalHandler : SIG_DFL);
}

- (void)alertView:(BOOL)show {
    showAlertView = show;
}

+ (NSArray *)backtrace {
    void* callstack[128];
    int frames = backtrace(callstack, 128);
    char **strs = backtrace_symbols(callstack, frames);
    NSMutableArray *backtrace = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:frames];
    for (int i = 0; i < frames; i++) {
        [backtrace addObject:[NSString stringWithUTF8String:strs[i]]];
    }
    free(strs);
    return backtrace;
}

- (void)handleException:(NSException *)exception {
    [self validateAndSaveCriticalApplicationData:exception];
    if (!showAlertView) {
        return;
    }
    UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"出错啦"
                                                    message:@"你可以尝试继续操作，但是应用可能无法正常运行."
                                                   delegate:self
                                          cancelButtonTitle:@"退出"
                                          otherButtonTitles:@"继续", nil];
    [alert show];
    CFRunLoopRef runLoop = CFRunLoopGetCurrent();
    CFArrayRef allModes = CFRunLoopCopyAllModes(runLoop);
    while (!self.dismissed) {
        for (NSString *mode in (__bridge NSArray *)allModes) {
            CFRunLoopRunInMode((CFStringRef)mode, 0.001, false);
        }
    }
    CFRelease(allModes);
    NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler(NULL);
    signal(SIGABRT, SIG_DFL);
    signal(SIGILL, SIG_DFL);
    signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_DFL);
    signal(SIGFPE, SIG_DFL);
    signal(SIGBUS, SIG_DFL);
    signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
    if ([[exception name] isEqual:UncaughtExceptionHandlerSignalExceptionName]) {
        kill(getpid(), [[[exception userInfo] objectForKey:UncaughtExceptionHandlerSignalKey] intValue]);
    } else {
        [exception raise];
    }
}

- (void)alertView:(UIAlertView *)anAlertView clickedButtonAtIndex:(NSInteger)anIndex {
    if (anIndex == 0) {
        self.dismissed = YES;
    }
}

- (void)validateAndSaveCriticalApplicationData:(NSException *)exception {
    NSString *exceptionInfo = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"\n--------Log Exception---------\nappInfo             :\n%@\n\nexception name      :%@\nexception reason    :%@\nexception userInfo  :%@\ncallStackSymbols    :%@\n\n--------End Log Exception-----",
                               getAppInfo(), exception.name, exception.reason, exception.userInfo ?: @"no user info", [exception callStackSymbols]];
    NSLog(@"%@", exceptionInfo);
    // 保存到文件等操作
}

@end

void HandleException(NSException *exception) {
    int32_t exceptionCount = OSAtomicIncrement32(&UncaughtExceptionCount);
    if (exceptionCount > UncaughtExceptionMaximum) {
        return;
    }
    NSArray *callStack = [exception callStackSymbols];
    NSMutableDictionary *userInfo = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:[exception userInfo]];
    [userInfo setObject:callStack forKey:UncaughtExceptionHandlerAddressesKey];
    [[[UncaughtExceptionHandler alloc] init]
     performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(handleException:)
     withObject:[NSException exceptionWithName:[exception name] reason:[exception reason] userInfo:userInfo]
     waitUntilDone:YES];
}

void SignalHandler(int signal) {
    int32_t exceptionCount = OSAtomicIncrement32(&UncaughtExceptionCount);
    if (exceptionCount > UncaughtExceptionMaximum) {
        return;
    }
    NSString* description = nil;
    switch (signal) {
        case SIGABRT:
            description = @"Signal SIGABRT was raised!";
            break;
        case SIGILL:
            description = @"Signal SIGILL was raised!";
            break;
        case SIGSEGV:
            description = @"Signal SIGSEGV was raised!";
            break;
        case SIGFPE:
            description = @"Signal SIGFPE was raised!";
            break;
        case SIGBUS:
            description = @"Signal SIGBUS was raised!";
            break;
        case SIGPIPE:
            description = @"Signal SIGPIPE was raised!";
            break;
        default:
            description = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Signal %d was raised!", signal];
    }
    NSMutableDictionary *userInfo = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
    NSArray *callStack = [UncaughtExceptionHandler backtrace];
    [userInfo setObject:callStack forKey:UncaughtExceptionHandlerAddressesKey];
    [userInfo setObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:signal] forKey:UncaughtExceptionHandlerSignalKey];
    [[[UncaughtExceptionHandler alloc] init]
     performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(handleException:)
     withObject:[NSException exceptionWithName:UncaughtExceptionHandlerSignalExceptionName reason:description userInfo:userInfo]
     waitUntilDone:YES];
}

NSString* getAppInfo() {
    NSString *appInfo = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"App : %@ %@(%@)\nDevice : %@\nOS Version : %@ %@\n",
                         [[NSBundle mainBundle] objectForInfoDictionaryKey:@"CFBundleDisplayName"],
                         [[NSBundle mainBundle] objectForInfoDictionaryKey:@"CFBundleShortVersionString"],
                         [[NSBundle mainBundle] objectForInfoDictionaryKey:@"CFBundleVersion"],
                         [UIDevice currentDevice].model,
                         [UIDevice currentDevice].systemName,
                         [UIDevice currentDevice].systemVersion];
    return appInfo;
}

在`didFinishLaunchingWithOptions`中调用`installUncaughtExceptionHandler`：

- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
    [UncaughtExceptionHandler installUncaughtExceptionHandler:YES showAlert:YES];
    return YES;
}

二、处理Signal

在Xcode中测试Signal类型崩溃时，需在调试控制台输入以下命令，以允许Signal回调进入处理函数：

pro hand -p true -s false SIGABRT

三、测试代码

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    [self exceptionHandlerTest1];
    // [self exceptionHandlerTest2];
    // [self exceptionHandlerTest3];
}

/// 异常处理测试1
-(void)exceptionHandlerTest1{
    NSArray *array= @[@"tom",@"xxx",@"ooo"];
    [array objectAtIndex:5];
}

/// 异常处理测试2
-(void)exceptionHandlerTest2{
    [self performSelector:@selector(string) withObject:nil afterDelay:2.0];
}

/// 异常处理测试3
-(void)exceptionHandlerTest3{
    int list[2]={1,2};
    int *p = list;
    free(p);
    p[1] = 5;
}