装饰模式（Decorator）

1.    定义

     动态地给一个对象添加一些额外的职责，就增加功能来说，装饰模式比生成子类更灵活。

2.      UML 类图

 

3.      结构代码

// Decorator pattern -- Structural example

using System;   namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Decorator.Structural {   /// <summary>   /// MainApp startup class for Structural   /// Decorator Design Pattern.   /// </summary>   class MainApp   {     /// <summary>     /// Entry point into console application.     /// </summary>     static void Main()     {       // Create ConcreteComponent and two Decorators       ConcreteComponent c = new ConcreteComponent();       ConcreteDecoratorA d1 = new ConcreteDecoratorA();       ConcreteDecoratorB d2 = new ConcreteDecoratorB();         // Link decorators       d1.SetComponent(c);       d2.SetComponent(d1);         d2.Operation();         // Wait for user       Console.ReadKey();     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'Component' abstract class   /// </summary>   abstract class Component   {     public abstract void Operation();   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'ConcreteComponent' class   /// </summary>   class ConcreteComponent : Component   {     public override void Operation()     {       Console.WriteLine("ConcreteComponent.Operation()");     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'Decorator' abstract class   /// </summary>   abstract class Decorator : Component   {     protected Component component;       public void SetComponent(Component component)     {       this.component = component;     }       public override void Operation()     {       if (component != null)       {         component.Operation();       }     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'ConcreteDecoratorA' class   /// </summary>   class ConcreteDecoratorA : Decorator   {     public override void Operation()     {       base.Operation();       Console.WriteLine("ConcreteDecoratorA.Operation()");     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'ConcreteDecoratorB' class   /// </summary>   class ConcreteDecoratorB : Decorator   {     public override void Operation()     {       base.Operation();       AddedBehavior();       Console.WriteLine("ConcreteDecoratorB.Operation()");     }       void AddedBehavior()     {     }   } }

Output ConcreteComponent.Operation() ConcreteDecoratorA.Operation() ConcreteDecoratorB.Operation()

4.      实例代码

// Decorator pattern -- Real World example

using System; using System.Collections.Generic;   namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Decorator.RealWorld {   /// <summary>   /// MainApp startup class for Real-World   /// Decorator Design Pattern.   /// </summary>   class MainApp   {     /// <summary>     /// Entry point into console application.     /// </summary>     static void Main()     {       // Create book       Book book = new Book("Worley", "Inside ASP.NET", 10);       book.Display();         // Create video       Video video = new Video("Spielberg", "Jaws", 23, 92);       video.Display();         // Make video borrowable, then borrow and display       Console.WriteLine("\nMaking video borrowable:");         Borrowable borrowvideo = new Borrowable(video);       borrowvideo.BorrowItem("Customer #1");       borrowvideo.BorrowItem("Customer #2");         borrowvideo.Display();         // Wait for user       Console.ReadKey();     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'Component' abstract class   /// </summary>   abstract class LibraryItem   {     private int _numCopies;       // Property     public int NumCopies     {       get { return _numCopies; }       set { _numCopies = value; }     }       public abstract void Display();   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'ConcreteComponent' class   /// </summary>   class Book : LibraryItem   {     private string _author;     private string _title;       // Constructor     public Book(string author, string title, int numCopies)     {       this._author = author;       this._title = title;       this.NumCopies = numCopies;     }       public override void Display()     {       Console.WriteLine("\nBook ------ ");       Console.WriteLine(" Author: {0}", _author);       Console.WriteLine(" Title: {0}", _title);       Console.WriteLine(" # Copies: {0}", NumCopies);     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'ConcreteComponent' class   /// </summary>   class Video : LibraryItem   {     private string _director;     private string _title;     private int _playTime;       // Constructor     public Video(string director, string title,       int numCopies, int playTime)     {       this._director = director;       this._title = title;       this.NumCopies = numCopies;       this._playTime = playTime;     }       public override void Display()     {       Console.WriteLine("\nVideo ----- ");       Console.WriteLine(" Director: {0}", _director);       Console.WriteLine(" Title: {0}", _title);       Console.WriteLine(" # Copies: {0}", NumCopies);       Console.WriteLine(" Playtime: {0}\n", _playTime);     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'Decorator' abstract class   /// </summary>   abstract class Decorator : LibraryItem   {     protected LibraryItem libraryItem;       // Constructor     public Decorator(LibraryItem libraryItem)     {       this.libraryItem = libraryItem;     }       public override void Display()     {       libraryItem.Display();     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'ConcreteDecorator' class   /// </summary>   class Borrowable : Decorator   {     protected List<string> borrowers = new List<string>();       // Constructor     public Borrowable(LibraryItem libraryItem)       : base(libraryItem)     {     }       public void BorrowItem(string name)     {       borrowers.Add(name);       libraryItem.NumCopies--;     }       public void ReturnItem(string name)     {       borrowers.Remove(name);       libraryItem.NumCopies++;     }       public override void Display()     {       base.Display();         foreach (string borrower in borrowers)       {         Console.WriteLine(" borrower: " + borrower);       }     }   } }

Output Book ------ Author: Worley Title: Inside ASP.NET # Copies: 10 Video ----- Director: Spielberg Title: Jaws # Copies: 23 Playtime: 92 Making video borrowable: Video ----- Director: Spielberg Title: Jaws # Copies: 21 Playtime: 92 borrower: Customer #1 borrower: Customer #2

该文章来自：http://www.dofactory.com/Patterns/PatternDecorator.aspx