列表
切片e.g.
list1[1:3]
增加元素
增加一个元素(至最末尾):
list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
list1.append(6)
list1
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
增加多个元素(至最末尾):
list1.extend([7, 8, 9])
list1
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
增加一个/多个元素(至最末尾):
list1[len(list1):] = [10, 11, 12, 13]
list1
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]
任意位置加入元素:
list1.insert(1, 1.5)
list1
[1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]
删除元素
list1.remove(1.5)
list1
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]
- 如果列表中存在多个匹配元素,只删除第一个。
- 如果指定元素不存在,程序报错。
删除指定位置的元素:
l1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
del l1[2]
l1
[1, 2, 4, 5]
或
list1.pop()
13
list1
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
list1.pop(0)
1
list1
[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
清空:(是我爱得太深太过天真~~)
list1.clear()
list1
[]
修改元素
list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
list1[3] = 4.5
list1
[1, 2, 3, 4.5, 5, 6, 7]
list1[:2] = [1.5, 2.5, 3.5]
list1
[1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 3, 4.5, 5, 6, 7]
比较列表
import operator
operator.eq(list1, list2)
(list1[:2]修改后数字“3”仍在)
排序&翻转
list1.sort()
list1
[1.5, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4.5, 5, 6, 7]
list1.reverse()
list1
[7, 6, 5, 4.5, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 1.5]
同理:
list1.sort(reverse = True)
list1
[7, 6, 5, 4.5, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 1.5]
操作符
查找&统计
list1 = [1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5]
list1.count(5)
4
list1.index(3)
2
list1.index(5, 3, 7)
5
index中后两个下标为查找范围的开始点与结束点
列表拷贝(浅拷贝)
list2 = list1.copy()
list2
[1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5]
同理,也可用切片拷贝:
list3 = list1[:]
list3
[1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5]
列表嵌套
>>> matrix = [[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6],
[7, 8, 9]]
访问嵌套列表的元素——for语句:
for a in matrix:
for b in a:
print(b)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
访问嵌套列表的元素——下标:
matrix[2]
[7, 8, 9]
matrix[1][1]
5
通过 for 语句来创建并初始化二维列表:
>>> A = [0] * 3
>>> for i in range(3):
... A[i] = [0] * 3
...
>>> A
[[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]
列表拷贝(深拷贝)
面对嵌套列表,浅拷贝会出大问题(随变而变):
x = matrix.copy()
matrix[1][1] = 0
x
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 0, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
解决方法:深拷贝
x = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
import copy
y = copy.deepcopy(x)
y
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
列表推导式
>>> oho = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> for i in range(len(oho)):
... oho[i] = oho[i] * 2
结果等同于
>>> oho = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> oho = [i * 2 for i in oho]
——提高效率。
同理,提取序列第二列数据:
>>> matrix = [[1, 2, 3],
... [4, 5, 6],
... [7, 8, 9]]
>>> col2 = [row[1] for row in matrix]
>>> col2
[2, 5, 8]
获取主对角线元素:
>>> diag = [matrix[i][i] for i in range(len(matrix))]
>>> diag
[1, 5, 9]
创建二维列表
>>> A = [0] * 3
>>> for i in range(len(3)):
... A[i] = [0] * 3
...
>>> A
[[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]
列表推导式可以更快的创建:
>>> S = [[0] * 3 for i in range(3)]
>>> S
[[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]
*多层嵌套 + 条件筛选的列表推导式:
[expression for target1 in iterable1 if condition1
for target2 in iterable2 if condition2
...
for targetN in iterableN if conditionN]