【数据结构】链表(单链表实现+测试+原码)

1.链表

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1.1 链表的概念及结构

概念：链表是一种物理存储结构上非连续、非顺序的存储结构，数据元素的逻辑顺序是通过链表 中的指针链接次序实现的 。

现实中：链表就像是一列动车，一节连着一节

数据结构中的链表

 注意:
1.从上图可看出，链式结构在逻辑上是连续的。但是在物理上不一定连续

2.现实中的结点一般都是从堆上申请出来的

3.从堆上申请的空间，是按照一定的策略来分配的，两次申请的空间可能连续，也可能不连续

2  链表的实现

SList.h(头文件引用)

#pragma once
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <assert.h>

typedef int SLTDataType;

typedef struct SListNode
{
	SLTDataType data;
	struct SListNode* next;
}SLTNode;

void SLTPrint(SLTNode* phead);
 
SLTNode* BuySListNode(SLTDataType x);
void SLTPushBack(SLTNode ** pphead,SLTDataType x);
void SLTPushFront(SLTNode** pphead, SLTDataType x);
void SLTPopBack(SLTNode** pphead);
void SLTPopFront(SLTNode** pphead);

//作业
SLTNode* SLTFind(SLTNode* pphead,SLTDataType x);

//在pos之前插入x
void SLTInsert(SLTNode** pphead, SLTNode* pos, SLTDataType x);
//在之后插入x
void SLTInsertAfter( SLTNode* pos, SLTDataType x);
//删除pos位置
void SLTErase(SLTNode** pphead, SLTNode* pos);
//删除pos后一个位置
void SLTEraseAfter(SLTNode* phead,SLTNode* pos);

//销毁链表
void SLTDestroy(SLTNode** pphead);

SList.c(函数功能的实现)

#include "SList.h"

void SLTPrint(SLTNode* phead)
{
	SLTNode* cur = phead;
	while (cur != NULL)
	{
		printf("%d->", cur->data);
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	printf("NULL\n");
}
  

SLTNode* BuySListNode(SLTDataType x)
{
	SLTNode* newnode = (SLTNode*)malloc(sizeof(SLTNode));
	if (newnode == NULL)
	{
		perror("malloc fail");
		exit(-1);
	}
	newnode->data = x;
	newnode->next = NULL;
	return newnode;
}

void SLTPushBack(SLTNode** pphead,SLTDataType x) //尾插
	//需要用二级指针，结构体指针（地址），传递实参
{
	assert(pphead);	//空地址不正确
	//assert(*pphead);//空链表可以尾插

	SLTNode* newnode = BuySListNode(x);
	if (*pphead == NULL)	//如果为空，则指向新创建元素
	{
		  *pphead = newnode;
	}
	else	//不为空则遍历到尾部插入数据
	{
		//需要用指针结构体指针，改变结构体，传递形参
		SLTNode* tail = *pphead;
		while (tail->next != 0)
		{
			tail = tail->next;
		}
		tail->next = newnode;
	}
}

void SLTPushFront(SLTNode** pphead, SLTDataType x)//头插
{
	assert(pphead);	//空地址不正确
	assert(*pphead);//空链表不可以前删

	SLTNode* newnode = BuySListNode(x);

	newnode->next = *pphead;
	*pphead = newnode;
}

void SLTPopBack(SLTNode** pphead)	//尾删
{
	// 1.空
	assert(*pphead != NULL);
	//	2.一个节点
	if ((*pphead)->next == NULL)
	{
		free(*pphead);
		*pphead = NULL;
	}
	//	3.多个节点
	else
	{
		SLTNode* tail = *pphead;
		while (tail->next->next)
		{
			tail = tail->next;
		} 
		free(tail->next);
		tail->next = NULL;
	}
}

void SLTPopFront(SLTNode** pphead)	//头删
{
	assert(pphead);
	assert(*pphead);

	SLTNode* newhead = (*pphead)->next;
	free(*pphead);
	*pphead = newhead;
}

SLTNode* SLTFind(SLTNode*phead, SLTDataType x)
{
	assert(phead);
	SLTNode* tail = phead;
	while (tail)
	{
		if (tail->data == x)
		{
			return tail;
		}
		tail = tail->next;
	}
	return NULL;
	while (tail->data != x)
	{
		tail = tail->next;
		if (tail->next==NULL&&tail->data!=x)
//下一个元素的值指向NULL并且数据值不等于要查找的数，既已遍历查找完毕并且没有找到数据
		{
			printf(" 输入错误，找不到输入值\n");
			return 0;
		}
	}
	printf("已找到：%d\n", x);
	return tail;
}

void SLTInsert(SLTNode** pphead, SLTNode* pos, SLTDataType x)
{
	//有错误版本 ，地址近似一样(bug)find函数调试就好了

	assert(pos);    
	assert(*pphead);
	if (pos == *pphead)
	{
		SLTPushFront(pphead, x); 
	}
	else
	{
		SLTNode* tail = *pphead;
		//在pos之前插入x
		while (tail->next != pos)
		{
			tail =  tail->next;
		}
		SLTNode* newnode = BuySListNode(x);
		tail->next = newnode;
		newnode->next = pos;
	}

} 

void SLTInsertAfter(SLTNode* pos, SLTDataType x)
{
	assert(pos);
	assert(pos->next);

	SLTNode* newnode = BuySListNode(x);
	//注意顺序，不然会照成死循环（画图）
	newnode->next = pos->next;
	pos->next = newnode;

}

void SLTErase(SLTNode** pphead, SLTNode* pos)
{
	assert(pos);

	if (pos == *pphead)
	{
		SLTPopFront(pphead);
	}
	else
	{
		SLTNode* prev = *pphead;
		while (prev->next != pos)
		{
			prev = prev->next;
		}

		prev->next = pos->next;
		free(pos);
	}

}

void SLTEraseAfter(SLTNode* phead,SLTNode* pos)
{
	//assert(pos);
	//检查是否为尾节点
	//assert(pos->next);
	SLTNode* posNext;	//纪录要删除的节点
	//避免丢失无法Free
	posNext = pos->next;
	//pos->next = pos->next->next;
	pos->next = posNext->next;
	free(posNext);
	posNext = NULL;
}


void SLTDestroy(SLTNode** pphead)
{
	assert(pphead);
	SLTNode* cur=*pphead;
	while (cur)
	{
		SLTNode* next = cur->next;
		free(cur);
		cur = next;
	}
	*pphead = NULL;
}

Test_1_16(各种功能的调试、函数、以及面试OJ题的接口实现)

#include "SList.h"

void TestSList1()
{
	int n;
	printf("请输入链表长度：");
	scanf("%d", &n);
	printf("\n请依次输入每个节点的值：");
	SLTNode* plist = NULL;	//第一个元素的地址 
	for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		int val;
		scanf("%d", &val);
		SLTNode* newnode = BuySListNode(val);

		//头插
		newnode->next = plist;
		plist = newnode;
	}
	SLTPrint(plist);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 5);
	SLTPrint(plist);
}

void TestSList()
{
	SLTNode* plist = NULL;
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 1);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 2);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 3);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 4);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 5);
	SLTPrint(plist);

	SLTPushFront(&plist, 10);
	SLTPushFront(&plist, 20);
	SLTPushFront(&plist, 30);
	SLTPushFront(&plist, 40);
	SLTPrint(plist);

}

void TestSList3()
{
	SLTNode* plist = NULL;
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 1);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 2);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 3);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 4);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 5);
	SLTPrint(plist);

	SLTPopBack(&plist);
	SLTPrint(plist);
	SLTPopBack(&plist);
	SLTPrint(plist);
	SLTPopBack(&plist);
	SLTPrint(plist);
	SLTPopBack(&plist);
	SLTPrint(plist);
	SLTPopBack(&plist);
	SLTPrint(plist);
	SLTPopBack(&plist);
	SLTPrint(plist);

}

void TestSList4()
{
	SLTNode* plist = NULL;
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 1);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 2);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 3);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 4);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 5);
	SLTPrint(plist);
	//SLTPopFront(&plist);
	//SLTPopFront(&plist);
	//SLTPrint(plist);
	SLTFind(plist, 1);
	SLTFind(plist, 2);
	SLTFind(plist, 3);
	SLTFind(plist, 4);
	SLTFind(plist, 5);
	SLTFind(plist, 0);
}

void TestSlist5()
{
	SLTNode* plist = NULL;
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 1);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 2);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 3);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 4);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 5);
	SLTPrint(plist);


	SLTNode* pos = SLTFind(plist,4);
	if (pos)
		pos->data = 20;
	//在pos之前插入x
	//SLTInsert(&plist, pos, 5);
	SLTPrint(plist);

}

void TestSlist6()
{
	SLTNode* plist = NULL;
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 1);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 2);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 3);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 4);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 5);
	SLTPrint(plist);


	SLTNode* pos = SLTFind(plist, 4);
	SLTInsert(&plist, pos, 90);
	SLTPrint(plist);
}

void TestSlist7()
{
	SLTNode* plist = NULL;
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 1);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 2);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 3);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 4);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 5);
	SLTPrint(plist);

	SLTNode* pos = SLTFind(plist, 4);
	SLTInsertAfter(pos, 90);
	SLTPrint(plist);
}

void TestSlist8()
{
	SLTNode* plist = NULL;
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 1);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 2);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 3);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 4);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 5);
	SLTPrint(plist);

	SLTNode* pos = SLTFind(plist, 4);
	SLTErase(&plist,pos);
	SLTPrint(plist);
}

void TestSlist9()
{
	SLTNode* plist = NULL;
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 1);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 2);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 3);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 4);
	SLTPushBack(&plist, 5);
	SLTPrint(plist);

	SLTNode* pos = SLTFind(plist, 4);
	SLTEraseAfter(&plist, pos);
	SLTPrint(plist);
}

struct SListNode* removeElement()
{
	;
}

struct ListNode {
	int val;
	struct ListNode* next;
	
};

//
//struct ListNode* FindKthToTail(struct ListNode* pListHead, int k)
//{
//	struct ListNode* first = pListHead;
//	struct ListNode* tail = pListHead;
//
//	while (first->next)
//	{
//		while (k>0&&first->next)
//		{
//			k--;
//			first = first->next;
//		}
//		if (first->next==NULL)
//		{
//			return tail;
//		}
//		tail = tail->next;
//		first = first->next;
//	}
//	//tail=tail->next;
//	return tail->next;
//}

struct ListNode* FindKthToTail(struct ListNode* pListHead, int k)
{
	if (pListHead == NULL)
	{
		return pListHead;
	}
	struct ListNode* first = pListHead;
	struct ListNode* tail = pListHead;

	while (first->next)
	{
		while (k > 0 && first->next)
		{
			k--;
			first = first->next;
			//if (first->next == NULL && k > 0)
			//{
			//	return NULL;
			//}
		}
		if (first->next == NULL&&k==1)
		{
			return tail;
		}
		else
		{
			return NULL;
		}
		tail = tail->next;
		first = first->next;
	}
	//tail=tail->next;
	return tail->next;
}

int main()
{
	struct SListNode* n1 = (struct ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct SListNode));
	struct SListNode* n2 = (struct ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct SListNode));
	struct SListNode* n3 = (struct ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct SListNode));
	struct SListNode* n4 = (struct ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct SListNode));
	struct SListNode* n5 = (struct ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct SListNode));

	n1->data = 1;
	n2->data = 2;
	n3->data = 3;
	n4->data = 4;
	n5->data = 5;

	n1->next = n2;
	n2->next = n3;
	n3->next = n4;
	n4->next = n5;
	n5->next = NULL;

	FindKthToTail(n1, 6);
	//TestSList1();
	//TestSList3();
	//TestSlist5();
	//TestSlist7();
	//TestSlist8();
	//TestSlist9();

	/*struct SListNode* n1 = (struct ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct SListNode));
	struct SListNode* n2 = (struct ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct SListNode));
	struct SListNode* n3 = (struct ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct SListNode));
	struct SListNode* n4 = (struct ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct SListNode));

	n1->data = 7;
	n2->data = 7;
	n3->data = 7;
	n4->data = 7;

	n1->next = n2;
	n2->next = n3;
	n3->next = n4;
	n4->next = NULL;

	struct SListNode* head = removeElement(n1, 7);
	return 0;*/

}

// 
// 
// 
// 
//int nums1[6] = { 1,2,3,0,0,0 };
//int nums1Size = 6;
//int m = 3;
//int nums2[3] = { 2,5,6 };
//int nums2Size = 3;
//int n = 3;

int nums1[1];
int m = 0;
int nums2[1] = {1};
int n = 1;
//	int p1 = m - 1, p2 = n - 1;
//	int tail = m + n - 1;
//	int cur;
//	while (p1 > -1 || p2 > -1)
//	{
//		if (p1 == -1)
//		{
//			cur = nums2[p2--];
//		}
//		else if (p2 == -1)
//		{
//			cur = nums1[p1--];
//		}
//		else if (nums1[p1] > nums2[p2])
//		{
//			cur = nums1[p1--];
//		}
//		else
//		{
//			cur = nums2[p2--];
//		}
//		nums1[tail--] = cur;
//	}