SAX解析xml

SAX解析原理：与DOM解析方式不同，DOM解析方法是将整个xml文件都加载到内存中，再进行解析；而SAX解析是通过一个自己创建的Handler处理类逐个分析所遇到的结点，结点分析的时候是按顺序进行的。
SAX方式解析xml步骤：
(1)通过SAXParserFactory的静态newInstance()方法获取SAXParserFactory实例factory
(2)通过SAXParserFactory实例的newSAXParser()方法返回SAXParser实例parse
(3)创建一个类继承DefaultHandler，重写其中的一些方法进行业务处理并创建这个类的实例handler

book类：为了保存xml文件数据的结构性

package com.imooc.entity;

public class Book {
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private String author;
    private String year;
    private String price;
    private String language;

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }
    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }
    public String getYear() {
        return year;
    }
    public void setYear(String year) {
        this.year = year;
    }
    public String getPrice() {
        return price;
    }
    public void setPrice(String price) {
        this.price = price;
    }
    public String getLanguage() {
        return language;
    }
    public void setLanguage(String language) {
        this.language = language;
    }
}

SAXParserHandler类：继承于DefaultHandler并改写方法为自己所需要的

package com.imooc.Handler;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;

import com.imooc.entity.Book;

public class SAXParserHandler extends DefaultHandler {
    int bookIndex=0;
    String value=null;
    Book book=null;
    private ArrayList<Book> bookList=new ArrayList<Book>();
    public ArrayList<Book> getBookList() {
        return bookList;
    }

    /**
     * 用来遍历xml的开始标签
     */
    @Override
    public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
            Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.startElement(uri, localName, qName, attributes);
        if(qName.equals("book")){
            book=new Book();
            bookIndex++;
            System.out.println("================开始遍历第"+bookIndex+"本书内容================");
//          //已知book下属性的名称及个数，根据属性名得到属性值
//          String value=attributes.getValue("id");
//          System.out.println("book的属性值是"+value);

            //若不知道book下属性的名称和个数
            int num=attributes.getLength();
            for(int i=0;i<num;i++){
                System.out.print("book元素的第"+(i+1)+"个属性名:"
            +attributes.getQName(i));
                System.out.println("--属性值为："+attributes.getValue(i));
                if(attributes.getQName(i).equals("id")){
                    book.setId(attributes.getValue(i));
                }
            }
        }
        else if(!qName.equals("bookstore")){
            System.out.print("结点名是:"+qName);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 用来遍历xml的结束标签
     */
    @Override
    public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)
            throws SAXException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.endElement(uri, localName, qName);
        //判断是否针对一本书已经遍历结束
        if(qName.equals("book")){
            bookList.add(book);
            book=null;
            System.out.println("================结束遍历第"+bookIndex+"本书内容================");
        }
        else if(qName.equals("name")){
            book.setName(value);
        }
        else if(qName.equals("author")){
            book.setAuthor(value);
        }
        else if(qName.equals("year")){
            book.setYear(value);
        }
        else if(qName.equals("price")){
            book.setPrice(value);
        }
        else if(qName.equals("language")){
            book.setLanguage(value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 用来标识解析开始
     */
    @Override
    public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.startDocument();
        System.out.println("SAX解析开始");
    }

    /**
     * 用来标识解析结束
     */
    @Override
    public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.endDocument();
        System.out.println("SAX解析结束");
    }

    @Override
    public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
            throws SAXException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.characters(ch, start, length);
        value=new String(ch,start,length);
        if(!value.trim().equals("")){
            System.out.println("--结点值为:"+value);
        }
    }

}

SAXTest类：用于测试

package com.imooc.test;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;

import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

import com.imooc.Handler.SAXParserHandler;
import com.imooc.entity.Book;

public class SAXTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //获取一个SAXParserFactory的实例
        SAXParserFactory factory=SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
        //通过factory获取SAXParser实例
        try {
            SAXParser parser=factory.newSAXParser();
            //创建SAXParserHandler对象
            SAXParserHandler handler=new SAXParserHandler();
            parser.parse("book.xml", handler);
            System.out.println("~!~!~!共有"+handler.getBookList().size()+"本书");
            for (Book book : handler.getBookList()) {
                System.out.println(book.getId());
                System.out.println(book.getName());
                System.out.println(book.getAuthor());
                System.out.println(book.getYear());
                System.out.println(book.getPrice());
                System.out.println(book.getLanguage());
                System.out.println("-------finish-------");
            }
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SAXException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}