a.追踪闭包词法的变量funcClosure.py&&b.高级闭包和装饰器funcLog.py

1.funcClosure.py

output='<int %r id=%#0x val=%d>'
w=x=y=z=1

def f1():
    x=y=z=2

def f2():
    y=z=3
    def f3():
        z=4
        print output% ('w',id(w),w)
        print output% ('x',id(x),x)
        print output% ('y',id(y),y)
        print output% ('z',id(z),z)

    clo=f3.func_closure
    if clo:
        print "f3 closure vars:", [str(c) for c in clo]
    else:
        print "no f3 closure vars"
    f3()



    clo=f2.func_closure
    if clo:
        print "f2 closure vars:", [str(c) for c in clo]
    else:
        print "no f2 closure vars"
    f2()


clo=f1.func_closure
if clo:
     print "f1 closure vars:", [str(c) for c in clo]
else:
    print "no f1 closure vars"
f1()

2. funcLog.py

from time import time

def logged(when):
    def log(f,*args,**kargs):
        print '''Called:
function: %s
args: %r
kargs: %r''' % (f,args,kargs)
    def  pre_logged(f):
        def wrapper(*args,**kargs):
            log(f,*args,**kargs)
            return f(*args,**kargs)
        return wrapper


    def post_logged(f):
        def wrapper(*args,**kargs):
            now=time()
            try:
                return f(*args,**kargs)
            finally:
                log(f,*args,**kargs)
                print "time delta: %s" % (time()-now)
        return wrapper


    try:
        return {"pre":pre_logged,
                "post":post_logged}[when]
    except KeyError, e:
        raise ValueError(e),'must be "pre" or "post"'


@logged("post")
def hello(name):
    print "Hello, ",name

hello("World!")