二、SpringMVC简介及快速入门

1. SpringMVC概述

SpringMVC通过一套注解，让一个简单的Java类成为处理请求的控制器，而无须实现任何接口，同时它还支持RESTful编程风格的请求。

2. SpringMVC开发步骤

需求：客户端发请求，服务器端接收请求，执行逻辑并进行视图跳转。

1. 导入SpringMVC相关坐标
2. 配置DispatcherServlet
3. 编写Controller类和视图页面
4. 使用注解配置Controller类中业务方法的映射地址（@Controller）
5. 配置spring-mvc.xml文件（配置组件扫描）
6. 执行访问测试（客户端发请求）

3. 快速入门

3.1 代码

web.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
         version="3.0">

<!--  配置SpringMVC的前端控制器-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>


<!--  全局初始化参数-->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>


<!--  配置监听器-->
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>


  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>UserServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.example.web.UserServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>UserServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/userServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>


</web-app>

spring-mvc：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">

<!--    Controller的组件扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example.controller"/>


</beans>

Controller：

package com.example.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping("/quickstart")
    public String save() {
        System.out.println("Controller save running......");
        return "/success.jsp";
    }

}

3.2 流程图