学习笔记(09):Java并发编程精讲-Executors中常用的几种线程池介绍和区别

一、常见线程池：

1. 固定线程数量的线程池

    i. 通过Executors.newFixedThreadPool 来创建

    ii. 核心线程数和最大线程数一样

    iii. 达到核心线程数后，空闲线程不会超时被终止或释放。

    iiii. 每添加一个任务后，会将任务添加到工作任务列队列，线程池创建一个线程，线程数等于核心线程数时，就不会再创建线程。

2. 单线程的线程池

    i 通过 Executors.newSingelThreadExecutor 来创建。

    ii. 核心线程数和最大线程数一样，且均为 1 ，也就是只有一个线程在执行队列的工作任务。

    iii. 使用了代理模式来创建线程池。

3. 可缓存的线程池

    i 通过 Executors.newCachedThreadPool 来创建

    ii. 核心线程数为 0 ，最大线程数为无限大（实际是 int 最大值），空闲线程可以缓存 60s，空闲超过60s的线程会被回收。

    iii. 使用了 SynchronousQueue 同步队列，添加任务的同时，需有工作线程来取任务才可完成任务的添加和执行。

4. 定时执行的线程池

    i. 通过 Executors.newScheduledThreadPool 来创建

    ii. 可指定核心线程数，最大线程数为无限大（实际是 int 最大值），核心线程数空闲不会超过被回收。

    iii. 使用了 DelayedWorkQueue 延时队列，通过延时队列来控制时间来执行

二、  线程执行源码解释：

/**
     * Executes the given task sometime in the future.  The task
     * may execute in a new thread or in an existing pooled thread.
     *
     * If the task cannot be submitted for execution, either because this
     * executor has been shutdown or because its capacity has been reached,
     * the task is handled by the current {@code RejectedExecutionHandler}.
     *
     * @param command the task to execute
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException at discretion of
     *         {@code RejectedExecutionHandler}, if the task
     *         cannot be accepted for execution
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code command} is null
     */
    public void execute(Runnable command) {
        if (command == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        /*
         * Proceed in 3 steps:
         *
         * 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to
         * start a new thread with the given command as its first
         * task.  The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and
         * workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add
         * threads when it shouldn't, by returning false.
         *
         * 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need
         * to double-check whether we should have added a thread
         * (because existing ones died since last checking) or that
         * the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we
         * recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if
         * stopped, or start a new thread if there are none.
         *
         * 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new
         * thread.  If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated
         * and so reject the task.
         */
        int c = ctl.get();
        if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
            if (addWorker(command, true))
                return;
            c = ctl.get();
        }
        if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
            int recheck = ctl.get();
            if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
                reject(command);
            else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
                addWorker(null, false);
        }
        else if (!addWorker(command, false))
            reject(command);
    }

execute 底层执行过程：

1. 检查线程池的运行状态和工作线程数量，如果工作线程数 < 核心线程数，则会创建一个新的线程来执行给定任务（调用addWorker来执行任务）

2. 如果超过了核心线程数，把任务放到工作队列中，若工作队列没有满，则添加任务后，仍检查一下线程池状态，如果没有继续运行（不是RUNNING状态）就把任务移除，使用拒绝策略来处理当前任务；否则将创建或唤醒工作线程来执行任务

3. 线程池非RUNNING状态或添加任务失败后，使用拒绝策略来处理当前任务

 

addWorker 源码分析：

/**
     * Checks if a new worker can be added with respect to current
     * pool state and the given bound (either core or maximum). If so,
     * the worker count is adjusted accordingly, and, if possible, a
     * new worker is created and started, running firstTask as its
     * first task. This method returns false if the pool is stopped or
     * eligible to shut down. It also returns false if the thread
     * factory fails to create a thread when asked.  If the thread
     * creation fails, either due to the thread factory returning
     * null, or due to an exception (typically OutOfMemoryError in
     * Thread.start()), we roll back cleanly.
     *
     * @param firstTask the task the new thread should run first (or
     * null if none). Workers are created with an initial first task
     * (in method execute()) to bypass queuing when there are fewer
     * than corePoolSize threads (in which case we always start one),
     * or when the queue is full (in which case we must bypass queue).
     * Initially idle threads are usually created via
     * prestartCoreThread or to replace other dying workers.
     *
     * @param core if true use corePoolSize as bound, else
     * maximumPoolSize. (A boolean indicator is used here rather than a
     * value to ensure reads of fresh values after checking other pool
     * state).
     * @return true if successful
     */
    private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
        retry:
        for (;;) {
            int c = ctl.get();
            int rs = runStateOf(c);

            // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
            // 1. 检查状态
            if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
                ! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
                   firstTask == null &&
                   ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
                return false;

            // 检查工作队列
            for (;;) {
                int wc = workerCountOf(c);
                if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
                    wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize)) // 是否超过核心线程数/最大线程数
                    return false;
                if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
                    break retry;
                c = ctl.get();  // Re-read ctl
                if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
                    continue retry;
                // else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
            }
        }

        boolean workerStarted = false;
        boolean workerAdded = false;
        Worker w = null;
        try {
            // 创建 worker（AQS）
            w = new Worker(firstTask);
            final Thread t = w.thread;
            if (t != null) {
                final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
                mainLock.lock();
                try {
                    // Recheck while holding lock.
                    // Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
                    // shut down before lock acquired.
                    int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());

                    if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
                        (rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
                        if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
                            throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
                        workers.add(w);
                        int s = workers.size();
                        if (s > largestPoolSize)
                            largestPoolSize = s;
                        workerAdded = true;
                    }
                } finally {
                    mainLock.unlock();
                }
                if (workerAdded) {
                    t.start();
                    workerStarted = true;
                }
            }
        } finally {
            if (! workerStarted)
                addWorkerFailed(w);
        }
        return workerStarted;
    }