2021牛客暑期多校训练营2

2021牛客暑期多校训练营2

F.Girlfriend

题意

给出$$A(x_0,y_0,z_0),B(x_1,y_1,z_1),C(x_2,y_2,z_2),D(x_3,y_3,z_3),k_1,k_2$$

要求计算限制条件下$$P_1,P_2$$​两点的合法空间的相交部分体积

思路

$$A(x_0,y_0,z_0),B(x_1,y_1,z_1),P_1(x,y,z)$$​​ 根据限制条件写出关系式：$$(x-x_0{)}^2+(y-y_0{)}^2+(z-z_0{)}^2\ge k_1^2\ast [(x-x_1{)}^2+(y-y1{)}^2+(z-z_1{)}^2]$$​​

化简得$$(k_1^2-1)(x^2+y^2+z^2)-(2k_1^2{x}_1-2x_0)x-(2k_1^2{y}_1-2y_0)y-(2k_1^2{z}_1-2z_0)z+k_1^2(x_1^2+y_1^2+z_1^2)-x_0^2-y_0^2-z_0^2\le 0$$

再化简得$$(x^2+y^2+z^2)-\frac{2k_1^2{x}_1-2x_0}{k_1^2-1}x-\frac{2k_1^2{y}_1-2y_0}{k_1^2-1}y-\frac{2k_1^2{z}_1-2z_0}{k_1^2-1}z+\frac{k_1^2(x_1^2+y_1^2+z_1^2)-x_0^2-y_0^2-z_0^2}{k_1^2-1}\le 0$$​​

前置处理圆心 $$a=\frac{2k_1^2{x}_1-2x_0}{k_1^2-1}$$ $$b=\frac{2k_1^2{y}_1-2y_0}{k_1^2-1}$$ $$c=\frac{2k_1^2{z}_1-2z_0}{k_1^2-1}$$ $$d=\frac{k_1^2(x_1^2+y_1^2+z_1^2)-x_0^2-y_0^2-z_0^2}{k_1^2-1}$$ $$r=\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2-d}=\sqrt{(\frac{2k_1^2{x}_1-2x_0}{k_1^2-1}{)}^2+(\frac{2k_1^2{y}_1-2y_0}{k_1^2-1}{)}^2+(\frac{2k_1^2{z}_1-2z_0}{k_1^2-1}{)}^2-\frac{k_1^2(x_1^2+y_1^2+z_1^2)-x_0^2-y_0^2-z_0^2}{k_1^2-1}}$$

球的一般方程：$$x^2+y^2+z^2+2ax+2by+2cz+d=0$$

化作标准方程: $$(x+a{)}^2+(y+b{)}^2+(z+c{)}^2=a^2+b^2+c^2-d$$

球心：$$O(-a,-b,-c)$$​ 半径：$$r=\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2-d}$$​

两圆心之间的距离：$$dis=\sqrt{(x_1-x_2{)}^2+(y_1-y_2{)}^2+(z_1-z_2{)}^2}$$

如果 $$dis\ge R_1+R_2$$ 体积为 $$0$$​

如果 $$dis+R_1\le R_2$$​​​ 体积为 $$R_1$$的体积

如果 $$dis+R_2\le R_1$$ 体积为 $$R_2$$ 的体积

如果 $$R_1+R_2\ge dis$$ 求出相交的体积

必要前提：$$cos\alpha =\frac{r^2+d^2-R^2}{2rd}$$​

$$h_2=r-r\ast cos\alpha$$​

令$$h_2$$​中的某一点到E点的距离为$$x$$​ 所在圆面的半径为$$\sqrt{r^2-(r\ast cos\alpha +x)}$$​ 圆面的面积为$$\pi [r^2-(r\ast cos\alpha +x{)}^2]$$​

用积分求出右边小圆截出的体积

$$V_1={\int }_0^{h_2}\pi (r^2-(r\ast cos\alpha +x{)}^2)dx$$​​

$$={\int }_0^{h_2}\pi (r^2-(r^{2}co{s}^2\alpha +x^2+2rxcos\alpha ))dx$$

$$={\int }_0^{h_2}\pi (r^{2}si{n}^2\alpha -x^2-2rxcos\alpha )dx$$

$$=\pi (-\frac{1}{3}{h}_2^3-r{h}_2^{2}cos\alpha +r^2{h}_{2}si{n}^2\alpha )$$​​

$$=\pi (r{h}_2(rsi{n}^2\alpha -h_{2}cos\alpha )-\frac{1}{3}{h}_2^3)$$​

$$=\pi (r{h}_2(r(1-co{s}^2\alpha )-h_{2}cos\alpha )-\frac{1}{3}{h}_2^3)$$​

$$=\pi (r{h}_2(r-rco{s}^2\alpha -h_{2}cos\alpha )-\frac{1}{3}{h}_2^3)$$​

$$=\pi (r{h}_2(r-cos\alpha (rcos\alpha +h_2))-\frac{1}{3}{h}_2^3)$$​

$$=\pi (r{h}_2(r-cos\alpha (rcos\alpha +h_2))-\frac{1}{3}{h}_2^3)$$

$$=\pi (r{h}_2(r-rcos\alpha )-\frac{1}{3}{h}_2^3)$$​

$$=\pi (r{h}_2^2-\frac{1}{3}{h}_2^3)$$​

$$=\pi h_2^2(r-\frac{1}{3}{h}_2)$$

同理可以求出大圆体积

$$V_2=\pi h_1^2(R-\frac{1}{3}{h}_1)$$

$$V=V1+V2=\pi h_2^2(r-\frac{1}{3}{h}_2)+\pi h_1^2(R-\frac{1}{3}{h}_1)$$​

代码

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int t;
double x[5], y[5], z[5];
double k1, k2;
const double PI = acos(-1);
void solve(double x1, double y1, double z1, double r1, double x2, double y2, double z2, double r2) {
	double dis = sqrt((x1 - x2) * (x1 - x2) + (y1 - y2) * (y1 - y2) + (z1 - z2) * (z1 - z2));
	double ans = 0;
	if (dis >= r1 + r2) {
		ans = 0;
	}
	else if (dis + r1 <= r2) {
		ans = (4.00 / 3.00) * PI * r1 * r1 * r1;
	}
	else if (dis + r2 <= r1) {
		ans = (4.00 / 3.00) * PI * r2 * r2 * r2;
	}
	else {
		double c1 = (r1 * r1 + dis * dis - r2 * r2) / (2.00 * dis * r1);
		double h1 = r1 * (1.00 - c1);
		ans += (1.00 / 3.00) * PI * (3.00 * r1 - h1) * h1 * h1;
		double c2 = (r2 * r2 + dis * dis - r1 * r1) / (2.00 * dis * r2);
		double h2 = r2 * (1.00 - c2);
		ans += (1.00 / 3.00) * PI * (3.00 * r2 - h2) * h2 * h2;
	}
	printf("%.3lf\n", ans);
}
int main() {
	cin >> t;

	while (t--) {
		for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			cin >> x[i] >> y[i] >> z[i];
		}
		cin >> k1 >> k2;
		double kk1 = k1 * k1 - 1;
		double c1x, c1y, c1z, c1r, d;
		c1x = (k1 * k1 * x[1] - x[0]) / kk1;
		c1y = (k1 * k1 * y[1] - y[0]) / kk1;
		c1z = (k1 * k1 * z[1] - z[0]) / kk1;
		d = k1 * k1 * ((x[1] * x[1]) + (y[1] * y[1]) + (z[1] * z[1])) - (x[0] * x[0] + y[0] * y[0] + z[0] * z[0]);
		d /= kk1;
		c1r = sqrt(c1x * c1x + c1y * c1y + c1z * c1z - d);
		double kk2 = k2 * k2 - 1;
		double c2x, c2y, c2z, c2r, d2;
		c2x = (k2 * k2 * x[3] - x[2]) / kk2;
		c2y = (k2 * k2 * y[3] - y[2]) / kk2;
		c2z = (k2 * k2 * z[3] - z[2]) / kk2;
		d2 = k2 * k2 * ((x[3] * x[3]) + (y[3] * y[3]) + (z[3] * z[3])) - (x[2] * x[2] + y[2] * y[2] + z[2] * z[2]);
		d2 /= kk2;
		c2r = sqrt(c2x * c2x + c2y * c2y + c2z * c2z - d2);
		solve(c1x, c1y, c1z, c1r, c2x, c2y, c2z, c2r);
	}
	return 0;
}

参考：

大佬题解:https://ac.nowcoder.com/acm/contest/view-submission?submissionId=48338562

大佬推导公式：https://blog.csdn.net/ouyangcheese/article/details/115421270