枚举简介

枚举

什么是枚举？

所谓的枚举，就是把某个类所有的对象一一罗列出来。

枚举类：这个类的对象是有限的。

定义枚举的语法格式

public enum 枚举类类名{
    值1, 值2, 值3, 值4;
}

示例

public enum Season {
	SPRING, SUMMER, AUTUMN, WINTER;
}

枚举的使用

枚举一般是配合switch…case使用的。

public class TestEnum {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Season s = Season.SPRING;
		switch(s) {
		case SPRING:{
			System.out.println("春天想去小河边散步");
			break;
		}
		case SUMMER:{
			System.out.println("夏天我想逆流而上");
			break;
		}
		case AUTUMN:{
			System.out.println("秋天想去拍婚纱照");
			break;
		}
		case WINTER:{
			System.out.println("冬天去三亚玩");
			break;
		}
		}
	}
}

枚举的剖析

枚举的本质是一个类，这个类继承于Enum。

public final class Season extends Enum
{
	public static final Season SPRING;
	public static final Season SUMMER;
	public static final Season AUTUMN;
	public static final Season WINTER;
	private static final Season ENUM$VALUES[];

	private Season(String s, int i)
	{
		super(s, i);
	}

	public static Season[] values()
	{
		Season aseason[];
		int i;
		Season aseason1[];
		System.arraycopy(aseason = ENUM$VALUES, 0, aseason1 = new Season[i = aseason.length], 0, i);
		return aseason1;
	}

	public static Season valueOf(String s)
	{
		return (Season)Enum.valueOf(com/lanu/enumeration/Season, s);
	}

	static 
	{
		SPRING = new Season("SPRING", 0);
		SUMMER = new Season("SUMMER", 1);
		AUTUMN = new Season("AUTUMN", 2);
		WINTER = new Season("WINTER", 3);
		ENUM$VALUES = (new Season[] {
			SPRING, SUMMER, AUTUMN, WINTER
		});
	}
}

上述代码是对Season反编译的结果，从反编译的结果可以看出：枚举本质上是一个类。每一个枚举值本质上是一个（public static final）对象。

既然是对象，就可以调用方法，方法要么是自己定义的，要么是继承于父类的方法。

它的父类提供了2个常用的方法：

String name(); //获取枚举值的名字

int ordinal(); //获取枚举值的序号，序号从0开始。

由于枚举本质上是一个类，所以枚举可以添加属性，添加方法，添加构造器等，类所能做的事情，它都可以做。

下面为Season添加属性，方法以及构造器：

public enum Season {
	SPRING("春"), SUMMER("夏"), AUTUMN("秋"), WINTER("冬");

	private String name;//自定义属性
	
	private Season(String name) {//自定义构造器
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public void test() {//自定义方法
		System.out.println("hello,my name is " + this.name());
	}
}

反编译后的结果如下：

import java.io.PrintStream;

public final class Season extends Enum
{

	public static final Season SPRING;
	public static final Season SUMMER;
	public static final Season AUTUMN;
	public static final Season WINTER;
	private String name;
	private static final Season ENUM$VALUES[];

	private Season(String s, int i, String name)
	{
		super(s, i);
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getName()
	{
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name)
	{
		this.name = name;
	}

	public void test()
	{
		System.out.println((new StringBuilder("hello,my name is")).append(name()).toString());
	}

	public static Season[] values()
	{
		Season aseason[];
		int i;
		Season aseason1[];
		System.arraycopy(aseason = ENUM$VALUES, 0, aseason1 = new Season[i = aseason.length], 0, i);
		return aseason1;
	}

	public static Season valueOf(String s)
	{
		return (Season)Enum.valueOf(com/lanu/enumeration/Season, s);
	}

	static 
	{
		SPRING = new Season("SPRING", 0, "春");
		SUMMER = new Season("SUMMER", 1, "夏");
		AUTUMN = new Season("AUTUMN", 2, "秋");
		WINTER = new Season("WINTER", 3, "冬");
		ENUM$VALUES = (new Season[] {
			SPRING, SUMMER, AUTUMN, WINTER
		});
	}
}

枚举的总结

枚举就是一种数据类型，只不过这种数据类型把可能出现的值提前定义好了，用的时候拿类直接访问即可。枚举多用于switch…case和if语句。