SpringBoot_Web开发(2.2.5version)

最新推荐文章于 2020-11-20 01:49:10 发布

Chill_Lyn_

最新推荐文章于 2020-11-20 01:49:10 发布

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分类专栏： Spring 文章标签： java spring boot

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Chill_Lyn/article/details/104841570

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文章目录

1. 简介

使用SpringBoot；

1）创建SpringBoot应用，选中我们需要的模块；

2）SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景配置好了，只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来

3）自己编写业务代码；

自动配置原理

这个场景SpringBoot帮我们配置了什么？能不能修改？能修改哪些配置？能不能扩展？…

xxxxAutoConfiguration:帮我们给容器中自动配置组件；
xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容；

2. SpringBoot对静态资源的映射规则；

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties {
   
  //可以设置和静态资源有关的参数，缓存时间等

WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter：

@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
   
    if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
   
        logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
        return;
    }
    Duration cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getPeriod();
    CacheControl cacheControl = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getCachecontrol().toHttpCacheControl();
    if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
   
        customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
            registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
            .addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
            .setCachePeriod(getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
    }
    //private String staticPathPattern = "/**";
    String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
    //静态资源文件夹映射
    if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
   
        customizeResourceHandlerRegistration
            (registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
             .addResourceLocations(getResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()))
                                             .setCachePeriod(getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
    }
}

1）所有 /webjars/** ，都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源；

webjars：以jar包的方式引入静态资源；
WebJars are client-side web libraries (e.g. jQuery & Bootstrap) packaged into JAR (Java Archive) files.

http://www.webjars.org/

<!--引入jquery-webjar-->在访问的时候只需要写webjars下面资源的名称即可
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
    <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
    <version>3.4.1</version>
</dependency>

2）"/**" 访问当前项目的任何资源，都去（静态资源的文件夹）找映射

private static final String[] CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = 
{
    
    "classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
 	"classpath:/resources/", 
 	"classpath:/static/", 
 	"classpath:/public/" 
};

"classpath:/META-INF/resources/", 
"classpath:/resources/",
"classpath:/static/", 
"classpath:/public/" 
"/"：当前项目的根路径

3）欢迎页；静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面；被"/**"映射；

EnableWebMvcConfiguration:

@Bean
public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(ApplicationContext applicationContext,FormattingConversionService mvcConversionService, ResourceUrlProvider mvcResourceUrlProvider) {
   
    WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping = new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(
        new TemplateAvailabilityProviders(applicationContext), applicationContext, getWelcomePage(),
        this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
    welcomePageHandlerMapping.setInterceptors(getInterceptors(mvcConversionService, mvcResourceUrlProvider));
    return welcomePageHandlerMapping;
}

3. 模板引擎

JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf
SpringBoot推荐的Thymeleaf；
语法更简单，功能更强大；

1. 引入thymeleaf；

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
如果需要切换thymeleaf版本
<properties>
    <thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
    <!-- 布局功能的支持程序  thymeleaf3主程序  layout2以上版本 -->
    <!-- thymeleaf2   layout1-->
    <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
</properties>

2. Thymeleaf使用

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
public class ThymeleafProperties {
   

	private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;

	public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";

	public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";

只要把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/，thymeleaf就能自动渲染；

使用：

导入thymeleaf的名称空间

<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

使用thymeleaf语法；

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>成功！</h1>
    <!--th:text 将div里面的文本内容设置为 -->
    <div th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢迎信息</div>
</body>
</html>

3. 语法规则

1）th:text；改变当前元素里面的文本内容；

th：任意html属性；来替换原生属性的值

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-7iBWermO-1583839873767)(C:\Users\83998\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20200309165057959.png)]

2）表达式

Simple expressions:（表达式语法）
    Variable Expressions: ${...}：获取变量值；OGNL；
    		1）、获取对象的属性、调用方法
    		2）、使用内置的基本对象：
    			#ctx : the context object.
    			#vars: the context variables.
                #locale : the context locale.
                #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
                #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
                #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
                #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
                
                ${session.foo}
            3）、内置的一些工具对象：
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).

    Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}：选择表达式：和${}在功能上是一样；
    	补充：配合 th:object="${session.user}：
   <div th:object="${session.user}">
        <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
        <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
        <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
   </div>
    
    Message Expressions: #{...}：获取国际化内容
    Link URL Expressions: @{...}：定义URL；
    		@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
    Fragment Expressions: ~{...}：片段引用表达式
    		<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
    		
Literals（字面量）
    Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
    Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
    Boolean literals: true , false
    Null literal: null
    Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:（文本操作）
    String concatenation: +
    Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations:（数学运算）
    Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
    Minus sign (unary operator): -
Boolean operations:（布尔运算）
    Binary operators: and , or
    Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:（比较运算）
    Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
    Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:条件运算（三元运算符）
    If-then: (if) ? (then)
    If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
    Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:
    No-Operation: _

4. SpringMVC自动配置

1. Spring MVC auto-configuration

Spring Boot 自动配置好了SpringMVC

以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置:（WebMvcAutoConfiguration）

Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.

自动配置了ViewResolver（视图解析器：根据方法的返回值得到视图对象（View），视图对象决定如何渲染（转发？重定向？））
ContentNegotiatingViewResolver：组合所有的视图解析器；
如何定制：我们可以自己给容器中添加一个视图解析器；自动的将其组合进来;

ContentNegotiatingViewResolver :

@Bean
@ConditionalOnBean(ViewResolver.class)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "viewResolver", value = ContentNegotiatingViewResolver.class)
public ContentNegotiatingViewResolver viewResolver(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
     
ContentNegotiatingViewResolver resolver = new ContentNegotiatingViewResolver();
resolver.setContentNegotiationManager(beanFactory.getBean(ContentNegotiationManager.class));
// ContentNegotiatingViewResolver uses all the other view resolvers to locate
// a view so it should have a high precedence
resolver.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE);
return resolver;
}

initServletContext：

@Override
protected void initServletContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
     
    Collection<ViewResolver> matchingBeans =
        BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(obtainApplicationContext(), ViewResolver.class).values();
    if (this.viewResolvers == null) {
     
        this.viewResolvers = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.size());
        for (ViewResolver viewResolver : matchingBeans) {
     
            if (this != viewResolver) {
     
                this.viewResolvers.add(viewResolver);
            }
        }
    }
    else {
     
        for (int i = 0; i < this.viewResolvers.size(); i++) {
     
            ViewResolver vr = this.viewResolvers.get(i);
            if (matchingBeans.contains(vr)) {
     
                continue;
            }
            String name = vr.getClass().getName() + i;
            obtainApplicationContext().getAutowireCapableBeanFactory().initializeBean(vr, name);
        }

    }
    AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.viewResolvers);
    this.cnmFactoryBean.setServletContext(servletContext);
}

resolveViewName：

@Override
@Nullable
public View resolveViewName(String viewName, Locale locale) throws Exception {
     
    RequestAttributes attrs = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
    Assert.state(attrs instanceof ServletRequestAttributes, "No current ServletRequestAttributes");
    List<MediaType> requestedMediaTypes = getMediaTypes(((ServletRequestAttributes) attrs).getRequest());
    if (requestedMediaTypes != null) {
     
        List<View> candidateViews = getCandidateViews(viewName, locale, requestedMediaTypes);
        View bestView = getBestView(candidateViews, requestedMediaTypes, attrs);
        if (bestView != null) {
     
            return bestView;
        }
    }

    String mediaTypeInfo = logger.isDebugEnabled() && requestedMediaTypes != null ?
        " given " + requestedMediaTypes.toString() : "";

    if (this.useNotAcceptableStatusCode) {
     
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
     
            logger.debug("Using 406 NOT_ACCEPTABLE" + mediaTypeInfo);
        }
        return NOT_ACCEPTABLE_VIEW;
    }
    else {
     
        logger.debug("View remains unresolved" + mediaTypeInfo);
        return null;
    }
}

getCandidateViews:

private List<View> getCandidateViews(String viewName, Locale locale, List<MediaType> requestedMediaTypes)
    throws Exception {
     

    List<View> candidateViews = new ArrayList<>();
    if (this.viewResolvers != null) {
     
        Assert.state(this.contentNegotiationManager != null, "No ContentNegotiationManager set");
        for (ViewResolver viewResolver : this.viewResolvers) {
     
            View view = viewResolver.resolveViewName(viewName, locale);
            if (view != null) {
     
                candidateViews.add(view);
            }
            for (MediaType requestedMediaType : requestedMediaTypes) {
     
                List<String> extensions = this.contentNegotiationManager.resolveFileExtensions(requestedMediaType);
                for (String extension : extensions) {
     
                    String viewNameWithExtension = viewName + '.' + extension;
                    view = viewResolver.resolveViewName(viewNameWithExtension, locale);
                    if (view != null) {
     
                        candidateViews.add(view);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(this.defaultViews)) {
     
        candidateViews.addAll(this.defaultViews);
    }
    return candidateViews;
}

getBestView:

@Nullable
private View getBestView(List<View> candidateViews, List<MediaType> requestedMediaTypes, RequestAttributes attrs) {
     
    for (View candidateView : candidateViews) {
     
        if (candidateView instanceof SmartView) {
     
            SmartView smartView = (SmartView) candidateView;
            if (smartView.isRedirectView()) {
     
                return candidateView;
            }
        }
    }
    for (MediaType mediaType : requestedMediaTypes) {
     
        for (View candidateView : candidateViews) {
     
            if (StringUtils.hasText(candidateView.getContentType())) {
     
                MediaType candidateContentType = MediaType.parseMediaType(candidateView.getContentType());
                if (mediaType.isCompatibleWith(candidateContentType)) {
     
                    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
     
                        logger.debug("Selected '" + mediaType + "' given " + requestedMediaTypes);
                    }
                    attrs.setAttribute(View.SELECTED_CONTENT_TYPE, mediaType, RequestAttributes.SCOPE_REQUEST);
                    return candidateView;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return null;
}

Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).静态资源文件夹路径,webjars
Static index.html support. 静态首页访问
Custom Favicon support (see below). favicon.ico
自动注册了 of Converter, GenericConverter, beans.
- Converter：转换器； public String hello(User user)：类型转换使用Converter

//自己添加的格式化器转换器，只需要放在容器中即可
@Override
public void addFormatters(FormatterRegistry registry) {
   
    ApplicationConversionService.addBeans(registry, this.beanFactory);
}

public static void addBeans(FormatterRegistry registry, ListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
   
    Set<Object> beans = new LinkedHashSet<>();
    beans.addAll(beanFactory.getBeansOfType(GenericConverter.class).values());
    beans.addAll(beanFactory.getBeansOfType(Converter.class).values());
    beans.addAll(beanFactory.getBeansOfType(Printer.class).values());
    beans.addAll(beanFactory.getBeansOfType(Parser.class).values());
    for (Object bean : beans) {
   
        if (bean instanceof GenericConverter) {
   
            registry.addConverter((GenericConverter) bean);
        }
        else if (bean instanceof Converter) {
   
            registry.addConverter((Converter<?, ?>) bean);
        }
        else if (bean instanceof Formatter) {
   
            registry.addFormatter((Formatter<?>) bean);
        }
        else if (bean instanceof Printer) {
   
            registry.addPrinter((Printer<?>) bean);
        }
        else if (bean instanceof Parser) {
   
            registry.addParser((Parser<?>) bean);
        }
    }
}

Support for HttpMessageConverters.
- HttpMessageConverter：SpringMVC用来转换Http请求和响应的；User—Json；
- HttpMessageConverters 是从容器中确定；获取所有的HttpMessageConverter；

 public HttpMessageConverters(HttpMessageConverter<?>... additionalConverters) {
   
       this(Arrays.asList(additionalConverters));
   }

给容器中添加HttpMessageConverter，只需要将自己的组件注册容器中（@Bean,@Component）

Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver .定义错误代码生成规则

@Override
public MessageCodesResolver getMessageCodesResolver() {
     
    if (this.mvcProperties.getMessageCodesResolverFormat() != null) {
     
        DefaultMessageCodesResolver resolver = new DefaultMessageCodesResolver();
        resolver.setMessageCodeFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getMessageCodesResolverFormat());
        return resolver;
    }
    return null;
}

this.mvcProperties.getMessageCodesResolverFormat()-> Format：

public enum Format implements MessageCodeFormatter {
     

    /**
		 * Prefix the error code at the beginning of the generated message code. e.g.:
		 * {@code errorCode + "." + object name + "." + field}
		 */
    PREFIX_ERROR_CODE {
     
        @Override
        public String format(String errorCode, @Nullable String objectName, @Nullable String field) {
     
            return toDelimitedString(errorCode, objectName, field);
        }
    },

    /**
		 * Postfix the error code at the end of the generated message code. e.g.:
		 * {@code object name + "." + field + "." + errorCode}
		 */
    POSTFIX_ERROR_CODE {
     
        @Override
        public String format(String errorCode, @Nullable String objectName, @Nullable String field) {
     
            return toDelimitedString(objectName, field, errorCode);
        }
    };

Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below).

@Override
 protected ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer getConfigurableWebBindingInitializer(
     FormattingConversionService mvcConversionService, Validator mvcValidator) {
   
     try {
   
         return this.beanFactory.getBean(ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer.class);
     }
     catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
   
         return super.getConfigurableWebBindingInitializer(mvcConversionService, mvcValidator);
     }
 }

因为BeanFactory从容器中getBean，所以可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的；（添加到容器）

super.getConfigurableWebBindingInitializer(mvcConversionService, mvcValidator);：

/**
	 * Return the {@link ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer} to use for
	 * initializing all {@link WebDataBinder} instances.
	 */
protected ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer getConfigurableWebBindingInitializer(
    FormattingConversionService mvcConversionService, Validator mvcValidator) {
   

    ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer initializer = new ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer();
    initializer.setConversionService(mvcConversionService);
    initializer.setValidator(mvcValidator);
    MessageCodesResolver messageCodesResolver = getMessageCodesResolver();
    if (messageCodesResolver != null) {
   
        initializer.setMessageCodesResolver(messageCodesResolver);
    }
    return initializer;
}

初始化WebDataBinder；
请求数据->JavaBean；

ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer:

@Override
public void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder) {
   
    binder.setAutoGrowNestedPaths(this.autoGrowNestedPaths

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SpringBoot_Web开发(2.2.5version)

文章目录1. 简介2. SpringBoot对静态资源的映射规则；3. 模板引擎1. 引入thymeleaf；2. Thymeleaf使用3. 语法规则4. SpringMVC自动配置1. Spring MVC auto-configuration2. 扩展SpringMVC3. 全面接管SpringMVC；5. 如何修改SpringBoot的默认配置6. RestfulCRUD1）默认访问首页2...
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