Python：装饰器简介（函数装饰函数）

def decorator(func):
    print('out')
    def inner():
        print('inner start')
        func()
        print('inner end')
        return inner
    return inner

@decorator
def function1():
    print('function1')

def function2():
    print('function2')

print("start")
# 输出
# out
# start

f1 = function1()
# 输出
# inner start
# function1
# inner end
f2 = decorator(function2)
f2()
# 输出
# out
# inner start
# function2
# inner end

# 就功能而言
# function1()在一定程度上和decorator(function2)()一致

---

# 续上
f2 = function1()
# 输出
# inner start
# function1
# inner end
f3 = function1()
# inner start
# function1
# inner end

# 注意到使用装饰器decorator时
# print('out')只执行了一次
# 且执行优先于print("start")
# 该特性的原因是装饰器在编译时便已经运行
# 且次数由装饰器装饰的函数数量而定
# 此特性可实现设计模式中的单例模式

---

def decorator(func):
    def inner(*args, **kwargs):
        print('inner start')
        func(*args, **kwargs)
        print('inner end')
        return inner
    return inner

@decorator
def function(args,kwargs):
    print('function start')
    print(args)
    print(kwargs)
    print('function end')


f1 = function(['list'],{'key':'value'})

# 输出
# inner start
# function start
# ['list']
# {'key': 'value'}
# function end
# inner end

---

from functools import wraps
def decorator1(func):
    def inner(*args, **kwargs):
        func(*args, **kwargs)
        return inner
    return inner

def decorator2(func):
    @wraps(func)
    def inner(*args, **kwargs):
        func(*args, **kwargs)
        return inner
    return inner

@decorator1
def function1():
    pass

@decorator2
def function2():
    pass


f1 = function1()
f2 = function2()

print(f1.__name__)
# 输出
# inner

print(f2.__name__)
# 输出
# function2

# @wraps(func)可防止被装饰函数的性质被更改

 

---

def out_decorator():
    def decorator(func):
        def inner(*args, **kwargs):
            print('inner start')
            func(*args, **kwargs)
            print('inner end')
        return inner
    return decorator

@out_decorator()
def function(args,kwargs):
    print('function start')
    print(args)
    print(kwargs)
    print('function end')

def no_decorator_function(args,kwargs):
    print('no_decorator_function start')
    print(args)
    print(kwargs)
    print('no_decorator_function end')

f1 = function(['list'],{'key':'value'})
# 输出
# inner start
# function start
# ['list']
# {'key': 'value'}
# function end
# inner end
f2 = out_decorator()(no_decorator_function)(['list'],{'key':'value'})
# 输出
# inner start
# no_decorator_function start
# ['list']
# {'key': 'value'}
# no_decorator_function end
# inner end

# 就功能而言
# f1和f2在一定程度上是一致的

---

def a(f):
    print('a start')

    def inn():
        print('a inn start')
        f()
        print('a inn end')
    return inn


def b(f):
    print('b start')

    def inn():
        print('b inn start')
        f()
        print('b inn end')
    return inn


def c(f):
    print('c start')

    def inn():
        print('c inn start')
        f()
        print('c inn end')
    return inn


@a
@b
@c
def p():
    print('p')


def q():
    print('q')


p()
# 输出
# c start
# b start
# a start
# a inn start
# b inn start
# c inn start
# p
# c inn end
# b inn end
# a inn end

a(b(c(q)))()

# 输出
# c start
# b start
# a start
# a inn start
# b inn start
# c inn start
# q
# c inn end
# b inn end
# a inn end