欧拉降幂公式与证明
转载自D-Tesla
欧拉降幂公式
A
K
≡
A
K
%
ϕ
(
m
)
+
ϕ
(
m
)
(
m
o
d
m
)
K
>
ϕ
(
m
)
A^K\equiv A^{K \%\phi(m) +\phi(m)}(\ mod\ m)\qquad \; K > \phi(m)
AK≡AK%ϕ(m)+ϕ(m)( mod m)K>ϕ(m)
证明
今天在牛客多校的群里看一个数学大佬写的证明，不过是拍照，我决定动手自己写一下
A
K
≡
A
K
%
ϕ
(
m
)
+
ϕ
(
m
)
(
m
o
d
m
)
K
>
ϕ
(
m
)
(
1
)
A^K\equiv A^{K \%\phi(m) +\phi(m)}(\ mod\ m)\qquad \ K > \phi(m)\quad(1)
AK≡AK%ϕ(m)+ϕ(m)( mod m) K>ϕ(m)(1)
证明如下
1 若
(
A
,
m
)
=
1
(A,m)=1
(A,m)=1，根据欧拉定理
A
ϕ
(
m
)
≡
1
(
m
o
d
m
)
A^{\phi(m)} \equiv 1 ( mod\ m)
Aϕ(m)≡1(mod m),即可轻易得证
2 若
(
A
,
m
)
≠
1
(A,m) \not = 1
(A,m)=1,证明如下
设
K
=
a
∗
ϕ
(
m
)
+
c
K = a*\phi(m) + c
K=a∗ϕ(m)+c
a
≥
1
,
0
≤
c
<
ϕ
(
m
)
a \ge 1, 0\le c < \phi(m)
a≥1,0≤c<ϕ(m)
那么欧拉降幂公式就是
A
K
≡
A
a
∗
ϕ
(
m
)
+
c
≡
A
ϕ
(
m
)
+
c
(
m
o
d
m
)
(
2
)
A^K \equiv A^{ a*\phi(m) + c} \equiv A^{\phi(m)+c}(\ mod\ m)\quad{(2)}
AK≡Aa∗ϕ(m)+c≡Aϕ(m)+c( mod m)(2)
即 证
A
a
∗
ϕ
(
m
)
≡
A
ϕ
(
m
)
(
m
o
d
m
)
A^{a*\phi(m)} \equiv A^{\phi(m)}( mod\ m)
Aa∗ϕ(m)≡Aϕ(m)(mod m)
即 证
A
2
∗
ϕ
(
m
)
≡
A
ϕ
(
m
)
(
m
o
d
m
)
A^{2*\phi(m)} \equiv A^{\phi(m)}( mod\ m)
A2∗ϕ(m)≡Aϕ(m)(mod m)
移项
A
ϕ
(
m
)
(
A
ϕ
(
m
)
−
1
)
≡
0
(
m
o
d
m
)
A^{\phi(m)}(A^{\phi(m)}-1) \equiv 0 ( mod\ m)
Aϕ(m)(Aϕ(m)−1)≡0(mod m)
即证
m
∣
A
ϕ
(
m
)
(
A
ϕ
(
m
)
−
1
)
(
3
)
m | A^{\phi(m)}(A^{\phi(m)}-1) \quad {(3)}
m∣Aϕ(m)(Aϕ(m)−1)(3)
若有
(
m
(
m
,
A
ϕ
(
m
)
)
,
A
)
=
1
(
4
)
(\frac{m}{(m,A^{\phi(m)})} , A)= 1 \quad{(4)}
((m,Aϕ(m))m,A)=1(4)
根据欧拉定理
A
ϕ
(
m
)
≡
A
k
∗
ϕ
(
m
(
m
,
A
ϕ
(
m
)
)
)
≡
(
A
ϕ
(
m
(
m
,
A
ϕ
(
m
)
)
)
)
k
≡
1
(
m
o
d
(
m
(
m
,
A
ϕ
(
m
)
)
)
A^{\phi(m)} \equiv A^{k*\phi(\frac{m}{ {(m,A^{\phi(m)})}})}\equiv {(A^{\phi(\frac{m}{ {(m,A^{\phi(m)})}})})}^k \equiv 1 ( mod\ (\frac{m}{(m,A^{\phi(m)})})
Aϕ(m)≡Ak∗ϕ((m,Aϕ(m))m)≡(Aϕ((m,Aϕ(m))m))k≡1(mod ((m,Aϕ(m))m)
其中
k
≥
1
k \ge 1
k≥1
移项即得
m
(
m
,
A
ϕ
(
m
)
)
∣
(
A
ϕ
(
m
)
−
1
)
\frac{m}{(m,A^{\phi(m)})}| (A^{\phi(m) }- 1)
(m,Aϕ(m))m∣(Aϕ(m)−1)
同时乘
(
m
,
A
ϕ
(
m
)
)
{(m,A^{\phi(m)})}
(m,Aϕ(m))
即
m
∣
(
m
,
A
ϕ
(
m
)
)
∗
(
A
ϕ
(
m
)
−
1
)
m | {(m,A^{\phi(m)})}*(A^{\phi(m)}-1)
m∣(m,Aϕ(m))∗(Aϕ(m)−1)
即
m
∣
A
ϕ
(
m
)
(
A
ϕ
(
m
)
−
1
)
m | A^{\phi(m)}(A^{\phi(m)}-1)
m∣Aϕ(m)(Aϕ(m)−1)
就是 式 3
所以证明 式子 4
(
m
(
m
,
A
ϕ
(
m
)
)
,
A
)
=
1
(\frac{m}{(m,A^{\phi(m)})} , A)= 1
((m,Aϕ(m))m,A)=1
就好了
进行素因子分解
A
=
p
1
a
1
∗
p
2
a
2
∗
.
.
.
.
∗
p
t
1
a
t
1
∗
q
1
b
1
∗
q
2
b
2
∗
.
.
.
∗
q
t
2
b
t
2
A = p^{a_1}_1*p^{a_2}_2*....*p^{a_{t1}}_{t1} * q^{b_1}_1* q^{b_2}_2*...* q^{b_{t2}}_{t2}
A=p1a1∗p2a2∗....∗pt1at1∗q1b1∗q2b2∗...∗qt2bt2
m = p 1 c 1 ∗ p 2 c 2 ∗ . . . . ∗ p t 1 c t 1 ∗ r 1 d 1 ∗ r 2 d 2 ∗ . . . ∗ r t 3 d t 3 3 m = p^{c_1}_1*p^{c_2}_2*....*p^{c_{t1}}_{t1} * r^{d_1}_1* r^{d_2}_2*...* r^{d_{t3}}_{t3}3 m=p1c1∗p2c2∗....∗pt1ct1∗r1d1∗r2d2∗...∗rt3dt33
( A , m ) = p 1 m i n ( a 1 , c 1 ) ∗ p 2 m i n ( a 2 , c 2 ) ∗ . . . . ∗ p t 1 m i n ( a t 1 , c t 1 ) (A,m) = p^{min(a_1,c_1)}_1*p^{min(a_2,c_2)}_2*....*p^{{min(a_{t1},c_{t1})}}_{t1} (A,m)=p1min(a1,c1)∗p2min(a2,c2)∗....∗pt1min(at1,ct1)
( A ϕ ( m ) , m ) = p 1 m i n ( a 1 ∗ ϕ ( m ) , c 1 ) ∗ p 2 m i n ( a 2 ∗ ϕ ( m ) , c 2 ) ∗ . . . . ∗ p t 1 m i n ( a t 1 ∗ ϕ ( m ) , c t 1 ) (A^{\phi(m)},m) = p^{min(a_1*\phi(m),c_1)}_1*p^{min(a_2*\phi(m),c_2)}_2*....*p^{{min(a_{t1}*\phi(m),c_{t1})}}_{t1} (Aϕ(m),m)=p1min(a1∗ϕ(m),c1)∗p2min(a2∗ϕ(m),c2)∗....∗pt1min(at1∗ϕ(m),ct1)
欧拉函数
ϕ
(
m
)
=
p
1
c
1
−
1
∗
p
2
c
2
−
1
∗
.
.
.
.
∗
p
t
1
c
t
1
−
1
(
p
1
−
1
)
∗
(
p
2
−
1
)
∗
.
.
.
.
∗
(
p
t
1
−
1
)
\phi(m) = p_1^{c_1-1}*p_2^{c_2-1}*....*p_{t1}^{c_{t1}-1}(p_1-1)*(p_2-1)*....* (p_{t1}-1)
ϕ(m)=p1c1−1∗p2c2−1∗....∗pt1ct1−1(p1−1)∗(p2−1)∗....∗(pt1−1)
a
i
∗
ϕ
(
m
)
≥
a
i
∗
p
i
c
i
−
1
∗
(
p
i
−
1
)
≥
p
i
c
i
−
1
∗
(
p
i
−
1
)
≥
p
i
c
i
−
1
a_i*\phi(m)\ge a_i*p_i^{c_i-1}*(p_i-1) \ge p_i^{c_i-1}*(p_i-1)\ge p_i^{c_i-1}
ai∗ϕ(m)≥ai∗pici−1∗(pi−1)≥pici−1∗(pi−1)≥pici−1
证明
p
i
c
i
−
1
≥
c
i
(
6
)
p_i^{c_i-1} \ge c_i \quad{(6)}
pici−1≥ci(6)
若
c
i
=
1
c_i = 1
ci=1 ,成立
令
f
(
x
)
=
l
n
(
x
)
x
−
1
f(x) = \frac{ln(x)}{x-1}
f(x)=x−1ln(x)
在
[
3
,
∞
]
[3,\infty]
[3,∞] 单调减\
又有
f
(
2
)
=
l
n
2
<
2
≤
p
i
f(2) = ln2 < 2 \le p_i
f(2)=ln2<2≤pi
f ( 3 ) = l n 3 / 2 < 2 ≤ p i f(3) = ln3/2 < 2\le p_i f(3)=ln3/2<2≤pi
于是有 式子6 成立
于是有
(
A
ϕ
(
m
)
,
m
)
=
p
1
m
i
n
(
a
1
∗
ϕ
(
m
)
,
c
1
)
∗
p
2
m
i
n
(
a
2
∗
ϕ
(
m
)
,
c
2
)
∗
.
.
.
.
∗
p
t
1
m
i
n
(
a
t
1
∗
ϕ
(
m
)
,
c
t
1
)
=
p
1
c
1
∗
p
2
c
2
∗
.
.
.
.
∗
p
t
1
c
t
1
(A^{\phi(m)},m) = p^{min(a_1*\phi(m),c_1)}_1*p^{min(a_2*\phi(m),c_2)}_2*....*p^{{min(a_{t1}*\phi(m),c_{t1})}}_{t1} = p^{c_1}_1*p^{c_2}_2*....*p^{c_{t1}}_{t1}
(Aϕ(m),m)=p1min(a1∗ϕ(m),c1)∗p2min(a2∗ϕ(m),c2)∗....∗pt1min(at1∗ϕ(m),ct1)=p1c1∗p2c2∗....∗pt1ct1
m ( A ϕ ( m ) , m ) = q 1 b 1 ∗ q 2 b 2 ∗ . . . ∗ q t 2 b t 2 \frac{m}{(A^{\phi(m)},m)} = q^{b_1}_1* q^{b_2}_2*...* q^{b_{t2}}_{t2} (Aϕ(m),m)m=q1b1∗q2b2∗...∗qt2bt2
式子 4
(
m
(
m
,
A
ϕ
(
m
)
)
,
A
)
=
1
(\frac{m}{(m,A^{\phi(m)})} , A)= 1
((m,Aϕ(m))m,A)=1
得证
式子 3
m
∣
A
ϕ
(
m
)
(
A
ϕ
(
m
)
−
1
)
(
3
)
m | A^{\phi(m)}(A^{\phi(m)}-1) \quad{(3)}
m∣Aϕ(m)(Aϕ(m)−1)(3)
得证
式子 2
A
K
≡
A
a
∗
ϕ
(
m
)
+
c
≡
A
ϕ
(
m
)
+
c
(
m
o
d
m
)
(
2
)
A^K \equiv A^{ a*\phi(m) + c} \equiv A^{\phi(m)+c}(\ mod\ m)\quad{(2)}
AK≡Aa∗ϕ(m)+c≡Aϕ(m)+c( mod m)(2)
得证
欧拉降幂公式得证
A
K
≡
A
K
%
ϕ
(
m
)
+
ϕ
(
m
)
(
m
o
d
m
)
K
>
ϕ
(
m
)
(
1
)
A^K\equiv A^{K \%\phi(m) +\phi(m)}(\ mod\ m)\qquad \; K > \phi(m) {(1)}
AK≡AK%ϕ(m)+ϕ(m)( mod m)K>ϕ(m)(1)
999
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
