欧拉降幂证明（详解）

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欧拉降幂公式

\quad \quad $A^K\equiv A^{K\%\varphi (m)+\varphi (m)}(modm)$ \quad \quad $K>\varphi (m)$

证明

\quad \quad $A^K\equiv A^{K\%\varphi (m)+\varphi (m)}(modm)$ \quad \quad $K>\varphi (m)$ $(1)$

1. 若 $(A,m)=1$，根据欧拉定理 $A^{\varphi (m)}\equiv 1(modm)$,易证
2. 若 $(A,m)\ne 1$,证明如下:

设 $K=a\ast \varphi (m)+ca\ge 1,0\le c<\varphi (m)$

那么欧拉降幂公式就是

\quad \quad \quad $A^K\equiv A^{a\ast \varphi (m)+c}\equiv A^{\varphi (m)+c}(modm)(2)$

即

\quad \quad \quad $A^{a\ast \varphi (m)}\equiv A^{\varphi (m)}(modm)$

即

\quad \quad \quad $A^{2\ast \varphi (m)}\equiv A^{\varphi (m)}(modm)$

移项

\quad \quad \quad $A^{\varphi (m)}(A^{\varphi (m)}-1)\equiv 0(modm)$

即

\quad \quad \quad $m|A^{\varphi (m)}(A^{\varphi (m)}-1)(3)$

即

\quad \quad \quad $(\frac{m}{(m,A^{\varphi (m)}},A)=1(4)$

根据欧拉定理

$A\varphi (m)\equiv A^{k\ast \varphi (\frac{m}{(m,A^{\varphi (m)}})}\equiv (A^{\varphi (\frac{m}{(m,A^{\varphi (m)}})}{)}^k\equiv 1(mod(\frac{m}{(m,A^{\varphi (m)}}))$

其中 $k\ge 1$

移项即得 $\frac{m}{(m,A^{\varphi (m)})}|(A^{\varphi (m)}-1)$

同时乘 $(m,A^{\varphi (m)})$

即 $m|(m,A^{\varphi (m)})\ast (A^{\varphi (m)}-1)$

即 $m|A^{\varphi (m)}(A^{\varphi (m)}-1)$ （式3）

进行素因子分解

\quad \quad $A=p_1^{a_1}\ast p_2^{a_2}\ast ....\ast p_{t_1}^{a_{t_1}}\ast q_1^{b_1}\ast q_2^{b_2}\ast ...\ast q_{t_2}^{b_{t_2}}$

\quad \quad $m=p_1^{c_1}\ast p_2^{c_2}\ast ....\ast p_{t_1}^{c_{t_1}}\ast q_1^{d_1}\ast q_2^{d_2}\ast ...\ast q_{t_2}^{d_{t_2}}$

\quad \quad $(A,m)=p_1^{min(a_1,c_1)}\ast p_2^{min(a_2,c_{2)}}\ast p_{t_1}^{min(a_{t_1},c_{t_1})}$

$(A^{\varphi (m)},m)=p_1^{min(a_1\ast \varphi (m),c_1)}\ast p_2^{min(a_2\ast \varphi (m),c_{2)}}\ast p_{t_1}^{min(a_{t_1}\ast \varphi (m),c_{t_1})}$

欧拉函数 $\varphi (m)=p_1^{c_1-1}\ast p_2^{c_2-1}\ast ....\ast p_{t_1}^{c_{t_1}-1}(p_1-1)(p_2-1)\ast ....\ast (p_{t_1}-1)$

$a_i\ast \varphi (m)\ge a_i\ast p_i^{c_i-1}\ast (p_i-1)\ge p_i^{c_i-1}\ast (p_i-1)\ge p_i^{c_i-1}$

证明

\quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad $p_i^{c_i-1}\ge c_i$ \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad $(6)$

若 $c_i=1$ ,成立

令 $f(x)=\frac{ln(x)}{x-1}$ \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad 在 $[3,\infty ]$单调减

又有

\quad \quad \quad \quad \quad $f(2)=ln2<2\le p_i$

\quad \quad \quad \quad \quad $f(3)=\frac{ln3}{2}<2\le p_i$

于是 式子$6$ 成立

于是

$(A^{\varphi (m)},m)=p_1^{min(a_1\ast \varphi (m),c_1)}\ast p_2^{min(a_2\ast \varphi (m),c_{2)}}\ast p_{t_1}^{min(a_{t_1}\ast \varphi (m),c_{t_1})}$

$=p_1^{c_1}\ast p_2^{c_2}\ast ....\ast p_{t_1}^{c_{t_1}}$

于是

\quad \quad \quad $(\frac{m}{(m,A^{\varphi (m)}},A)=q_1^{b_1}\ast q_2^{b_2}\ast ...\ast q_{t_2}^{b_{t_2}}$

\quad \quad \quad $(\frac{m}{(m,A^{\varphi (m)}},A)=1$ \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad 式 $4$ 得证

即

\quad \quad $m|A^{\varphi (m)}(A^{\varphi (m)}-1)$ \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad 式 $3$ 得证

即

\quad $A^K\equiv A^{a\ast \varphi (m)+c}\equiv A^{\varphi (m)+c}(modm)$ \quad \quad \quad 式 $2$ 得证

即

\quad \quad $A^K\equiv A^{K\%\varphi (m)+\varphi (m)}(modm)$ \quad \quad $K>\varphi (m)$ \quad 得证

$Code:$

char b[1000010];
ll a, c;
ll quickpow(ll x, ll y, ll z)
{
    ll ans = 1;
    while (y)
    {
        if (y & 1)
            ans = ans * x % z;
        x = x * x % z;
        y >>= 1;
    }
    return ans;
}
ll phi(ll n)
{
    ll i, rea = n;
    for (i = 2; i * i <= n; i++)
    {
        if (n % i == 0)
        {
            rea = rea - rea / i;
            while (n % i == 0)
                n /= i;
        }
    }
    if (n > 1)
        rea = rea - rea / n;
    return rea;
}
int main()
{
    cin >> a >> b >> c;
    ll len = strlen(b);
    ll p = phi(c);
    ll ans = 0;
    for (ll i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {
        ans = (ans * 10 + b[i] - '0') % p;
    }
    ans += p;
    cout << quickpow(a, ans, c) << endl;
    return 0;
}