pythonic code(1)

• dict.setdefault(key,default)
• “listcomps”: List comprehensions provide a concise way to create lists.
• Testing for Ture Values

(http://python.net/~goodger/projects/pycon/2007/idiomatic/handout.html#id33)
读完这篇，理解了多一点东西：

• 知道tuple,comma is the tuple constructor

• 知道其他编程语言，变量variable是一个box,一个box放一个值，当b=a时，是把a盒子里的值复制给b这个盒子，python中，1是一个integer object,每个object有一个“name”，”tag“，”label“，当a=2,就是把这个”tag“绑到2上，b=a,就是在2再绑一个tag”b”

• 知道函数默认参数是在函数定义时候执行的，要在runtime执行，需要在内部初始化，
  一般用None

    def fun(i,a=None):
        if a is None:
            a=[]
        a.append(i)
        return a

• 知道dict() build-in takes a list of key/value pairs(2-tuple)
• 知道 listcomps, genexps
• 知道 x,y,z=data是 Tuple unpacking

Dictionary Method: dic.setdefault(), dict.get()

case1: Each dictionary value will be initial a value 0

naive way

mdict={}
for (key,price) in data:
    if key not i n mdict:
        mdict[key]=0
    mdict[key]+=price

clever way: mdict.get(key,default)

mdict={}
for (key,price) in data:
    mdict[key]=(mdict.get(key,0)+price)

case2: Each dictionary value will be a list
naive way

mdict={}
for (key,price) in data:
    if key in mdict:
        mdict[key].append(price)
    else:
        mdict[key]=[price]

this does the job more efficiently
mdict={}

for (key,price) in data:
    mdict.setdefault(key,[]).append(price)

List Comprehensions

more consice and clear

# a list for squares of odd 0-9
a=[n**2 for i in range(10) if n%2]

Enumerate(faster for big data)

for (idx,item) in mylist:
    print(idx,item)

“,”.join(str_list) (faster for big data)

mdict=dict(zip(a,b)),mdict.keys(),mdict.values()

sorting with keys

想要安装某一列排序

def my_key(item):
    return (item[1], item[3])

to_sort.sort(key=my_key)

You can make your own key function, or use any existing one-argument function if applicable:

str.lower to sort alphabetically regarless of case.
len to sort on the length of the items (strings or containers).
int or float to sort numerically, as with numeric strings like “2”, “123”, “35”.