设计模式之单例模式

样例代码

public class DanLi implements Serializable {

    private DanLi(){}

    //饿汉模式：不能懒加载，会造成内存开销，线程安全
    private static DanLi instance1=new DanLi();
    public static DanLi getInstance1(){
        return instance1;
    }
    private static DanLi instance2;
    //懒汉模式：线程不安全
    public static DanLi getInstance2(){
        if(instance2==null)
            instance2=new DanLi();
        return instance2;
    }
    //懒汉模式：线程安全,但每次调用同步方法会造成不必要的同步开销
    public static synchronized DanLi getInstance3(){
        if(instance2==null)
            instance2=new DanLi();
        return instance2;
    }
    //DCL-双重检查模式:线程安全，性能比起上面三种较好，只是有些情况下会失效
    public static DanLi getInstance4(){
        if(instance2==null){
            synchronized (DanLi.class){
                if (instance2==null){
                    instance2=new DanLi();
                }
            }
        }
        return instance2;
    }
    //静态内部类:线程安全，性能好，首选
    public static DanLi getInstance5(){
        return DanLiHolder.mInstance;
    }
    private static class DanLiHolder{
        private static final DanLi mInstance=new DanLi();
    }
    //反序列化时杜绝重新生成对象
    private Object readResolve() throws ObjectStreamException{
        return instance2;
    }
}

还有一种枚举模式，默认其所有实例都是线程安全的，只是可读性并不高，就不介绍了