介绍
根据多线程同步原理中介绍的内容可知,多线程开发就是要让多个线程正确的访问临界资源,实现多线程同步。
所以,一般的同步策略最简单的就是:使用互斥体(mutex)来管理临界资源(与临界资源同时定义,生命期相同,作用域相同),互斥体提供P、V操作(获取,获取不到就等待;释放,唤醒等待的线程)。不同的线程使用锁(Guard)来自动调用(构造函数、析构函数)互斥体的P、V操作,从而实现同步。
互斥体(Mutex)
下面以ACE中互斥体的使用来实现:多个人使用打印机的场景
#include <iostream>
#include "ace/Log_Msg.h"
#include "ace/Mutex.h"
#include "ace/Task.h"
class Printer
{
public:
Printer(){}
void print(int paper_id)
{
this->mutex_.acquire();
ACE_DEBUG((LM_DEBUG,"person(%t) is printing paper(%d)\n",paper_id));
ACE_OS::sleep(1);
this->mutex_.release();
}
private:
ACE_Thread_Mutex mutex_;
};
class Person : public ACE_Task_Base
{
public:
Person(Printer& printer):printer_(printer){}
virtual int svc(void)
{
ACE_DEBUG((LM_DEBUG,ACE_TEXT("Person(%t) is running\n")));
for (int i=0;i<4;++i)
{
this->printer_.print(i);
}
return 0;
}
private:
Printer& printer_;
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
Printer printer_obj;
Person person1(printer_obj);
Person person2(printer_obj);
person1.activate();
person2.activate();
person1.wait();
person1.wait();
return 0;
}
锁(守卫、Guard)
Guard类的主要逻辑是:构造函数通过执行互斥体的P操作获取临界资源;析构函数通过执行互斥体的V操作来释放临界资源。在构造函数之后操作临界资源。构造与析构之间的代码段形成临界区(临界区越小越好)。
Guard类的源码片段:
template <class LOCK>
class Guard
{
public:
//隐式的切自动的获取锁
ACE_Guard (LOCK &lock): lock_(&lock){acquire();}
//隐式的释放锁
~ACE_Guard (void){release();}
//显示的获取锁
int acquire (void){return owner_ = lock_->acquire();}
//显示的释放锁
int release (void)
{
if (owner_ == -1)
{
return -1;
}
else
{
owner_ = -1;
return lock_->release();
}
}
bool locked (void) const {return owner_ != -1;}
protected:
//用子类来存储指针
ACE_Guard (LOCK *lock): lock_ (lock), owner_ (0) {}
//指向我们正在看守的LOCK
LOCK *lock_;
//跟踪记录我们是否获取了锁
int owner_;
};
下面以ACE中的Guard来实现:
多个人使用打印机的场景(仅仅改动了打印机打印的同步代码)
#include <iostream>
#include "ace/Log_Msg.h"
#include "ace/Mutex.h"
#include "ace/Task.h"
class Printer
{
public:
Printer(){}
void print(int paper_id)
{
ACE_Guard<ACE_Thread_Mutex> guard(this->mutex_);
//this->mutex_.acquire();
ACE_DEBUG((LM_DEBUG,"person(%t) is printing paper(%d)\n",paper_id));
ACE_OS::sleep(1);
//this->mutex_.release();
}
private:
ACE_Thread_Mutex mutex_;
};
class Person : public ACE_Task_Base
{
public:
Person(Printer& printer):printer_(printer){}
virtual int svc(void)
{
ACE_DEBUG((LM_DEBUG,ACE_TEXT("Person(%t) is running\n")));
for (int i=0;i<4;++i)
{
this->printer_.print(i);
}
return 0;
}
private:
Printer& printer_;
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
Printer printer_obj;
Person person1(printer_obj);
Person person2(printer_obj);
person1.activate();
person2.activate();
person1.wait();
person1.wait();
return 0;
}
其他库
(std、boost等基本接口都是如此,可以触类旁通)