20220522_多线程同步锁的用法

一.同步代码块锁

账户类代码
锁在此，this表示该锁对象仅对应当前账户

public class Account {
    private String accID;
    private double balance;

    public Account() {
    }

    public Account(String accID, double balance) {
        this.accID = accID;
        this.balance = balance;
    }

    public String getAccID() {
        return accID;
    }

    public void setAccID(String accID) {
        this.accID = accID;
    }

    public double getBalance() {
        return balance;
    }

    public void setBalance(double balance) {
        this.balance = balance;
    }

    public void withdraw(double money){
        String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
        synchronized (this) {
            if (this.balance >= money){
                System.out.println(name+ " withdraw succeed, amount is:"+money);
                this.balance -= money;
                System.out.println("After "+name+"'s withdraw, the balance changed to: "+ balance);
            }else {
                System.out.println(name + "'s withdraw failed'.");
            }
        }
    }
}

取钱线程类

public class withdrawThr extends Thread {
    private Account acc;

    public withdrawThr(Account acc,String name) {
        super(name);
        this.acc = acc;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        acc.withdraw(100000.0);
    }
}

执行体类

public class threadSyncDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account acc = new Account("MTU_010203",100000);

        new withdrawThr(acc,"Peter").start();
        new withdrawThr(acc,"Diana").start();

    }
}

二.取钱方法加synchronized修饰，锁默认会用this作为锁对象
经测试，直接锁方法，会让住线程里代码顺序在上的总是先进入方法
而代码块锁不一定

    public synchronized void withdraw(double money){
        String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
            if (this.balance >= money){
                System.out.println(name+ " withdraw succeed, amount is:"+money);
                this.balance -= money;
                System.out.println("After "+name+"'s withdraw, the balance changed to: "+ balance);
            }else {
                System.out.println(name + "'s withdraw failed'.");
            }
    }

三.在账户类定义一个Lock的成员变量，final修饰
把要锁的代码块，前后用Lock变量的lock和unlock方法包起来
这种方法，主线程中顺序在下的子线程仍有小概率先抢到锁
为了防止程序异常，无法解锁，要把unlock方法放在try_final的final语句里

public class Account {
    private String accID;
    private double balance;
    /**用final修饰，锁对象对同时调用本账户的线程来说，唯一，不可变，体现专业性*/
    private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    public Account() {
    }

    public Account(String accID, double balance) {
        this.accID = accID;
        this.balance = balance;
    }

    public String getAccID() {
        return accID;
    }

    public void setAccID(String accID) {
        this.accID = accID;
    }

    public double getBalance() {
        return balance;
    }

    public void setBalance(double balance) {
        this.balance = balance;
    }

    public void withdraw(double money){
    public void withdraw(double money){
        try {
            String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
            lock.lock();
            if (this.balance >= money){
                System.out.println(name+ " withdraw succeed, amount is:"+money);
                this.balance -= money;
                System.out.println("After "+name+"'s withdraw, the balance changed to: "+ balance);
            }else {
                System.out.println(name + "'s withdraw failed'.");
            }
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}