leecode 数据库：184. 部门工资最高的员工

数据导入：

Create table If Not Exists Employee (id int, name varchar(255), salary int, departmentId int);
Create table If Not Exists Department (id int, name varchar(255));
Truncate table Employee;
insert into Employee (id, name, salary, departmentId) values ('1', 'Joe', '70000', '1');
insert into Employee (id, name, salary, departmentId) values ('2', 'Jim', '90000', '1');
insert into Employee (id, name, salary, departmentId) values ('3', 'Henry', '80000', '2');
insert into Employee (id, name, salary, departmentId) values ('4', 'Sam', '60000', '2');
insert into Employee (id, name, salary, departmentId) values ('5', 'Max', '90000', '1');
Truncate table Department;
insert into Department (id, name) values ('1', 'IT');
insert into Department (id, name) values ('2', 'Sales');

表： Employee

+--------------+---------+
| 列名          | 类型    |
+--------------+---------+
| id           | int     |
| name         | varchar |
| salary       | int     |
| departmentId | int     |
+--------------+---------+
id是此表的主键列。
departmentId是Department表中ID的外键。
此表的每一行都表示员工的ID、姓名和工资。它还包含他们所在部门的ID。

 表： Department

+-------------+---------+
| 列名         | 类型    |
+-------------+---------+
| id          | int     |
| name        | varchar |
+-------------+---------+
id是此表的主键列。
此表的每一行都表示一个部门的ID及其名称。

编写SQL查询以查找每个部门中薪资最高的员工。
按 任意顺序 返回结果表。
查询结果格式如下例所示。

示例 1:

输入：
Employee 表:
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| id | name  | salary | departmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1  | Joe   | 70000  | 1            |
| 2  | Jim   | 90000  | 1            |
| 3  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
| 4  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
| 5  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
Department 表:
+----+-------+
| id | name  |
+----+-------+
| 1  | IT    |
| 2  | Sales |
+----+-------+
输出：
+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Jim      | 90000  |
| Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
| IT         | Max      | 90000  |
+------------+----------+--------+
解释：Max 和 Jim 在 IT 部门的工资都是最高的，Henry 在销售部的工资最高。

题解：

解题思路：
        回忆一下 GROUP BY 语句
        GROUP BY 字段名   # 根据字段进行分组
        先对 DepartmentId 字段分组查询最大值，得到不同 DepartmentId 下的最大值
        再根据 DepartmentId 字段连接 Department 表，根据 Salary 和 DepartmentId 查找         Department. Name 字段

解法一

        

先用子查询查到每个部门的最高工资，然后把用部门id把员工表和部门表关联在一起，最后用部门的最高工资做筛选，完整 sql 如下

select d.name Department, e.name as Employee, e.salary as Salary
from Employee e left join Department d on e.departmentId = d.id
where (departmentId, salary) in (
  select departmentId, max(salary)
  from Employee
  group by departmentId
);

解法二
        后来看网上说还有以另一种解法，觉得也挺巧妙，学习了。整体思路跟解法一相同，只是把两个字段的 in 操作换成了一个字段，把父子查询的部门id放在子查询作为筛选条件

select d.name Department, e.name as Employee, e.salary as Salary
from Employee e left join Department d on e.departmentId = d.id
where salary in (
  select max(salary)
  from Employee emp 
  where e.departmentId = emp.departmentId
);

解法三
        我根据解法一和解法二想到了一种新的解法，把员工表部门最高薪资子查询结果作为临时表，加入到员工表跟部门表的关联中，形成三表连接，最后用临时表跟员工表的薪资比较就能得到结果了

select d.name Department, e.name as Employee, e.salary as Salary
from Employee e 
left join Department d on e.departmentId = d.id
left join  (
  select departmentId, max(salary) as max_salary
  from Employee emp 
  group by emp.departmentId
) as temp
on temp.departmentId = e.departmentId
where e.salary >= temp.max_salary;

三种算法效率比较
        理论上应该是解法一跟解法三的效率差不多，且他们的效率高于解法二。因为解法一和解法三，子查询都只需要执行一次，但是解法二，每行员工表记录都需要关联执行一次子查询，所以效率可能不如其他两个。

来源：力扣（LeetCode）
链接：https://leetcode.cn/problems/department-highest-salary
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