leecode 数据库：1141. 查询近30天活跃用户数

导入数据：

SQL Schema:

Create table If Not Exists Activity (user_id int, session_id int, activity_date date, activity_type ENUM('open_session', 'end_session', 'scroll_down', 'send_message'));
Truncate table Activity;
insert into Activity (user_id, session_id, activity_date, activity_type) values ('1', '1', '2019-07-20', 'open_session');
insert into Activity (user_id, session_id, activity_date, activity_type) values ('1', '1', '2019-07-20', 'scroll_down');
insert into Activity (user_id, session_id, activity_date, activity_type) values ('1', '1', '2019-07-20', 'end_session');
insert into Activity (user_id, session_id, activity_date, activity_type) values ('2', '4', '2019-07-20', 'open_session');
insert into Activity (user_id, session_id, activity_date, activity_type) values ('2', '4', '2019-07-21', 'send_message');
insert into Activity (user_id, session_id, activity_date, activity_type) values ('2', '4', '2019-07-21', 'end_session');
insert into Activity (user_id, session_id, activity_date, activity_type) values ('3', '2', '2019-07-21', 'open_session');
insert into Activity (user_id, session_id, activity_date, activity_type) values ('3', '2', '2019-07-21', 'send_message');
insert into Activity (user_id, session_id, activity_date, activity_type) values ('3', '2', '2019-07-21', 'end_session');
insert into Activity (user_id, session_id, activity_date, activity_type) values ('4', '3', '2019-06-25', 'open_session');
insert into Activity (user_id, session_id, activity_date, activity_type) values ('4', '3', '2019-06-25', 'end_session');

Pandas Schema:

data = [[1, 1, '2019-07-20', 'open_session'], [1, 1, '2019-07-20', 'scroll_down'], [1, 1, '2019-07-20', 'end_session'], [2, 4, '2019-07-20', 'open_session'], [2, 4, '2019-07-21', 'send_message'], [2, 4, '2019-07-21', 'end_session'], [3, 2, '2019-07-21', 'open_session'], [3, 2, '2019-07-21', 'send_message'], [3, 2, '2019-07-21', 'end_session'], [4, 3, '2019-06-25', 'open_session'], [4, 3, '2019-06-25', 'end_session']]
Activity = pd.DataFrame(data, columns=['user_id', 'session_id', 'activity_date', 'activity_type']).astype({'user_id':'Int64', 'session_id':'Int64', 'activity_date':'datetime64[ns]', 'activity_type':'object'})

表：Activity

+---------------+---------+
| Column Name   | Type    |
+---------------+---------+
| user_id       | int     |
| session_id    | int     |
| activity_date | date    |
| activity_type | enum    |
+---------------+---------+

该表没有包含重复数据。
activity_type 列是 ENUM(category) 类型， 从 ('open_session'， 'end_session'， 'scroll_down'， 'send_message') 取值。
该表记录社交媒体网站的用户活动。
注意，每个会话只属于一个用户。

编写解决方案，统计截至 2019-07-27（包含2019-07-27），近 30 天的每日活跃用户数（当天只要有一条活动记录，即为活跃用户）。

以 任意顺序 返回结果表。

结果示例如下。

示例 1:

输入：
Activity table:
+---------+------------+---------------+---------------+
| user_id | session_id | activity_date | activity_type |
+---------+------------+---------------+---------------+
| 1       | 1          | 2019-07-20    | open_session  |
| 1       | 1          | 2019-07-20    | scroll_down   |
| 1       | 1          | 2019-07-20    | end_session   |
| 2       | 4          | 2019-07-20    | open_session  |
| 2       | 4          | 2019-07-21    | send_message  |
| 2       | 4          | 2019-07-21    | end_session   |
| 3       | 2          | 2019-07-21    | open_session  |
| 3       | 2          | 2019-07-21    | send_message  |
| 3       | 2          | 2019-07-21    | end_session   |
| 4       | 3          | 2019-06-25    | open_session  |
| 4       | 3          | 2019-06-25    | end_session   |
+---------+------------+---------------+---------------+
输出：
+------------+--------------+ 
| day        | active_users |
+------------+--------------+ 
| 2019-07-20 | 2            |
| 2019-07-21 | 2            |
+------------+--------------+ 
解释：注意非活跃用户的记录不需要展示。

需求分析：

2019-07-27（包含2019-07-27）的近30天活跃用户数
当天只要有一条活动记录，即为活跃用户

难点解析：

这道题难点在于处理时间数据，可使用datediff(end_date, start_date)函数判断两个日期之间的天数差。
这里需要注意的是使用user_id，从需求分析也是可以得出计算的是用户数，之所以不用session_id是因为有可能一个用户拥有多个session_id。

SQL语句：

SELECT
    activity_date AS day,
    COUNT(DISTINCT user_id) AS active_users
FROM
    Activity
WHERE
    DATEDIFF('2019-7-27',activity_date) <30
AND
   activity_date <= '2019-07-27'
GROUP BY
    activity_date;