导入数据:
Create table If Not Exists Trips (id int, client_id int, driver_id int, city_id int, status ENUM('completed', 'cancelled_by_driver', 'cancelled_by_client'), request_at varchar(50))
Create table If Not Exists Users (users_id int, banned varchar(50), role ENUM('client', 'driver', 'partner'));
Truncate table Trips
insert into Trips (id, client_id, driver_id, city_id, status, request_at) values ('1', '1', '10', '1', 'completed', '2013-10-01');
insert into Trips (id, client_id, driver_id, city_id, status, request_at) values ('2', '2', '11', '1', 'cancelled_by_driver', '2013-10-01');
insert into Trips (id, client_id, driver_id, city_id, status, request_at) values ('3', '3', '12', '6', 'completed', '2013-10-01');
insert into Trips (id, client_id, driver_id, city_id, status, request_at) values ('4', '4', '13', '6', 'cancelled_by_client', '2013-10-01');
insert into Trips (id, client_id, driver_id, city_id, status, request_at) values ('5', '1', '10', '1', 'completed', '2013-10-02');
insert into Trips (id, client_id, driver_id, city_id, status, request_at) values ('6', '2', '11', '6', 'completed', '2013-10-02');
insert into Trips (id, client_id, driver_id, city_id, status, request_at) values ('7', '3', '12', '6', 'completed', '2013-10-02');
insert into Trips (id, client_id, driver_id, city_id, status, request_at) values ('8', '2', '12', '12', 'completed', '2013-10-03');
insert into Trips (id, client_id, driver_id, city_id, status, request_at) values ('9', '3', '10', '12', 'completed', '2013-10-03');
insert into Trips (id, client_id, driver_id, city_id, status, request_at) values ('10', '4', '13', '12', 'cancelled_by_driver', '2013-10-03');
Truncate table Users
insert into Users (users_id, banned, role) values ('1', 'No', 'client');
insert into Users (users_id, banned, role) values ('2', 'Yes', 'client');
insert into Users (users_id, banned, role) values ('3', 'No', 'client');
insert into Users (users_id, banned, role) values ('4', 'No', 'client');
insert into Users (users_id, banned, role) values ('10', 'No', 'driver');
insert into Users (users_id, banned, role) values ('11', 'No', 'driver');
insert into Users (users_id, banned, role) values ('12', 'No', 'driver');
insert into Users (users_id, banned, role) values ('13', 'No', 'driver');
表:Trips
+-------------+----------+
| Column Name | Type |
+-------------+----------+
| id | int |
| client_id | int |
| driver_id | int |
| city_id | int |
| status | enum |
| request_at | date |
+-------------+----------+
id 是这张表的主键。
这张表中存所有出租车的行程信息。每段行程有唯一 id ,其中 client_id 和 driver_id 是 Users 表中 users_id 的外键。
status 是一个表示行程状态的枚举类型,枚举成员为(‘completed’, ‘cancelled_by_driver’, ‘cancelled_by_client’) 。
表:Users
+-------------+----------+
| Column Name | Type |
+-------------+----------+
| users_id | int |
| banned | enum |
| role | enum |
+-------------+----------+
users_id 是这张表的主键。
这张表中存所有用户,每个用户都有一个唯一的 users_id ,role 是一个表示用户身份的枚举类型,枚举成员为 (‘client’, ‘driver’, ‘partner’) 。
banned 是一个表示用户是否被禁止的枚举类型,枚举成员为 (‘Yes’, ‘No’) 。
取消率 的计算方式如下:(被司机或乘客取消的非禁止用户生成的订单数量) / (非禁止用户生成的订单总数)。
写一段 SQL 语句查出 "2013-10-01" 至 "2013-10-03" 期间非禁止用户(乘客和司机都必须未被禁止)的取消率。非禁止用户即 banned 为 No 的用户,禁止用户即 banned 为 Yes 的用户。
返回结果表中的数据可以按任意顺序组织。其中取消率 Cancellation Rate 需要四舍五入保留 两位小数 。
查询结果格式如下例所示。
示例:
输入:
Trips 表:
+----+-----------+-----------+---------+---------------------+------------+
| id | client_id | driver_id | city_id | status | request_at |
+----+-----------+-----------+---------+---------------------+------------+
| 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed | 2013-10-01 |
| 2 | 2 | 11 | 1 | cancelled_by_driver | 2013-10-01 |
| 3 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed | 2013-10-01 |
| 4 | 4 | 13 | 6 | cancelled_by_client | 2013-10-01 |
| 5 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed | 2013-10-02 |
| 6 | 2 | 11 | 6 | completed | 2013-10-02 |
| 7 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed | 2013-10-02 |
| 8 | 2 | 12 | 12 | completed | 2013-10-03 |
| 9 | 3 | 10 | 12 | completed | 2013-10-03 |
| 10 | 4 | 13 | 12 | cancelled_by_driver | 2013-10-03 |
+----+-----------+-----------+---------+---------------------+------------+
Users 表:
+----------+--------+--------+
| users_id | banned | role |
+----------+--------+--------+
| 1 | No | client |
| 2 | Yes | client |
| 3 | No | client |
| 4 | No | client |
| 10 | No | driver |
| 11 | No | driver |
| 12 | No | driver |
| 13 | No | driver |
+----------+--------+--------+
输出:
+------------+-------------------+
| Day | Cancellation Rate |
+------------+-------------------+
| 2013-10-01 | 0.33 |
| 2013-10-02 | 0.00 |
| 2013-10-03 | 0.50 |
+------------+-------------------+
解释:
2013-10-01:
- 共有 4 条请求,其中 2 条取消。
- 然而,id=2 的请求是由禁止用户(user_id=2)发出的,所以计算时应当忽略它。
- 因此,总共有 3 条非禁止请求参与计算,其中 1 条取消。
- 取消率为 (1 / 3) = 0.33
2013-10-02:
- 共有 3 条请求,其中 0 条取消。
- 然而,id=6 的请求是由禁止用户发出的,所以计算时应当忽略它。
- 因此,总共有 2 条非禁止请求参与计算,其中 0 条取消。
- 取消率为 (0 / 2) = 0.00
2013-10-03:
- 共有 3 条请求,其中 1 条取消。
- 然而,id=8 的请求是由禁止用户发出的,所以计算时应当忽略它。
- 因此,总共有 2 条非禁止请求参与计算,其中 1 条取消。
- 取消率为 (1 / 2) = 0.50
解题思路;
统计每天非禁止用户的取消率,需要知道非禁止用户有哪些,总行程数,取消的行程数。
解法一
首先确定被禁止用户的行程记录,再剔除这些行程记录。
行程表中,字段 client_id 和 driver_id,都与用户表中的 users_id 关联。因此只要 client_id 和 driver_id 中有一个被禁止了,此条行程记录要被剔除。
先说一种错误的找出没被禁止用户行程记录的方法。此方法很有迷惑性。
思路:
if (client_id = users_id 或 driver_id = users_id) 且 users_id没有被禁止
{
此条记录没被禁止。
}
SQL 代码
SELECT *
FROM Trips AS T JOIN Users AS U
ON (T.client_id = U.users_id OR T.driver_id = U.users_id ) AND U.banned ='No'
乍一看,思路是对。其实是错误的。因为,我们不知觉得肯定了一个假设—— client_id 与 driver_id 是相同的。只有当两者相同时,才能用此条件排除被禁止用户的行程记录。
错误的结果:
+------+-----------+-----------+---------+---------------------+------------+----------+--------+--------+
| Id | Client_Id | Driver_Id | City_Id | STATUS | Request_at | Users_Id | Banned | Role |
+------+-----------+-----------+---------+---------------------+------------+----------+--------+--------+
| 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed | 2013-10-01 | 1 | No | client |
| 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed | 2013-10-01 | 10 | No | driver |
| 2 | 2 | 11 | 1 | cancelled_by_driver | 2013-10-01 | 11 | No | driver |
| 3 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed | 2013-10-01 | 3 | No | client |
| 3 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed | 2013-10-01 | 12 | No | driver |
| 4 | 4 | 13 | 6 | cancelled_by_client | 2013-10-01 | 4 | No | client |
| 4 | 4 | 13 | 6 | cancelled_by_client | 2013-10-01 | 13 | No | driver |
| 5 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed | 2013-10-02 | 1 | No | client |
| 5 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed | 2013-10-02 | 10 | No | driver |
| 6 | 2 | 11 | 6 | completed | 2013-10-02 | 11 | No | driver |
| 7 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed | 2013-10-02 | 3 | No | client |
| 7 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed | 2013-10-02 | 12 | No | driver |
| 8 | 2 | 12 | 12 | completed | 2013-10-03 | 12 | No | driver |
| 9 | 3 | 10 | 12 | completed | 2013-10-03 | 3 | No | client |
| 9 | 3 | 10 | 12 | completed | 2013-10-03 | 10 | No | driver |
| 10 | 4 | 13 | 12 | cancelled_by_driver | 2013-10-03 | 4 | No | client |
| 10 | 4 | 13 | 12 | cancelled_by_driver | 2013-10-03 | 13 | No | driver |
+------+-----------+-----------+---------+---------------------+------------+----------+--------+--------+
结果中,被禁止的 users_id = 2,其行程记录没被剔除掉。
明显, client_id 与 driver_id 不一定相同 。
正确的做法是对 client_id 和 driver_id 各自关联的 users_id,同时检测是否被禁止。
if (client_id = users_id_1 且 users_id_1没被禁止 并且 client_id = users_id_2 且 users_id_2没被禁止){
此条记录没被禁止。
}
SQL 代码:
SELECT *
FROM Trips AS T
JOIN Users AS U1 ON (T.client_id = U1.users_id AND U1.banned ='No')
JOIN Users AS U2 ON (T.driver_id = U2.users_id AND U2.banned ='No')
在此基础上,按日期分组,统计每组的 总行程数,取消的行程数 。
每组的总行程数:COUNT(T.STATUS)。
每组的取消的行程数:
SUM(
IF(T.STATUS = 'completed',0,1)
)
取消率 = 每组的取消的行程数 / 每组的总行程数
完整逻辑为:
SELECT T.request_at AS `Day`,
ROUND(
SUM(
IF(T.STATUS = 'completed',0,1)
)
/
COUNT(T.STATUS),
2
) AS `Cancellation Rate`
FROM Trips AS T
JOIN Users AS U1 ON (T.client_id = U1.users_id AND U1.banned ='No')
JOIN Users AS U2 ON (T.driver_id = U2.users_id AND U2.banned ='No')
WHERE T.request_at BETWEEN '2013-10-01' AND '2013-10-03'
GROUP BY T.request_at
其中 SUM 求和函数,COUNT 计数函数,ROUND 四舍五入函数。
解法二
思路与解法一相同。而采用不同的方法排除掉被禁止用户的行程记录。想到排除,就联想到集合差。
client_id 和 driver_id 的全部为集合 U。被禁止的 users_id 集合为 A。
U 减去 A 的结果为没被禁止的用户。
(
SELECT users_id
FROM users
WHERE banned = 'Yes'
) AS A
好了,先演示一个错误的解法:
行程表连接表 A,排除掉被被禁止的行程。
SELECT *
FROM trips AS T,
(
SELECT users_id
FROM users
WHERE banned = 'Yes'
) AS A
WHERE (T.Client_Id != A.users_id AND T.Driver_Id != A.users_id)
剩下的逻辑与解法一后部分相同,完善后的逻辑为:
SELECT T.request_at AS `Day`,
ROUND(
SUM(
IF(T.STATUS = 'completed',0,1)
)
/
COUNT(T.STATUS),
2
) AS `Cancellation Rate`
FROM trips AS T,
(
SELECT users_id
FROM users
WHERE banned = 'Yes'
) AS A
WHERE (T.Client_Id != A.users_id AND T.Driver_Id != A.users_id) AND T.request_at BETWEEN '2013-10-01' AND '2013-10-03'
GROUP BY T.request_at
很可惜,当表 A 为空时,此方法的结果是空表。但是表 A 为空,可能是有用户但是没有被禁止的用户。因此方法是错误的。
正确的解法是:行程表 left join 表 A 两次,A.users_id 都为 NULL 的行都是没被排除的行。
SELECT *
FROM trips AS T LEFT JOIN
(
SELECT users_id
FROM users
WHERE banned = 'Yes'
) AS A ON (T.Client_Id = A.users_id)
LEFT JOIN (
SELECT users_id
FROM users
WHERE banned = 'Yes'
) AS A1
ON (T.Driver_Id = A1.users_id)
WHERE A.users_id IS NULL AND A1.users_id IS NULL
补上其它部分的逻辑为:
SELECT T.request_at AS `Day`,
ROUND(
SUM(
IF(T.STATUS = 'completed',0,1)
)
/
COUNT(T.STATUS),
2
) AS `Cancellation Rate`
FROM trips AS T LEFT JOIN
(
SELECT users_id
FROM users
WHERE banned = 'Yes'
) AS A ON (T.Client_Id = A.users_id)
LEFT JOIN (
SELECT users_id
FROM users
WHERE banned = 'Yes'
) AS A1
ON (T.Driver_Id = A1.users_id)
WHERE A.users_id IS NULL AND A1.users_id IS NULL AND T.request_at BETWEEN '2013-10-01' AND '2013-10-03'
GROUP BY T.request_at
解法三
与解法二思路相同。找出被禁止的用户后,不再连接行程表和用户表,直接从行程表中排除掉被被禁止用户的行程记录。
被禁止的用户用子查询:
(
SELECT users_id
FROM users
WHERE banned = 'Yes'
)
行程表中 client_id 和 driver_id 都在此子查询结果中的行要剔除掉。
SELECT *
FROM trips AS T
WHERE
T.Client_Id NOT IN (
SELECT users_id
FROM users
WHERE banned = 'Yes'
)
AND
T.Driver_Id NOT IN (
SELECT users_id
FROM users
WHERE banned = 'Yes'
)
补上其它部分:
SELECT T.request_at AS `Day`,
ROUND(
SUM(
IF(T.STATUS = 'completed',0,1)
)
/
COUNT(T.STATUS),
2
) AS `Cancellation Rate`
FROM trips AS T
WHERE
T.Client_Id NOT IN (
SELECT users_id
FROM users
WHERE banned = 'Yes'
)
AND
T.Driver_Id NOT IN (
SELECT users_id
FROM users
WHERE banned = 'Yes'
)
AND T.request_at BETWEEN '2013-10-01' AND '2013-10-03'
GROUP BY T.request_at
结语:希望大家多多指正。
作者:jason-2
链接:https://leetcode.cn/problems/trips-and-users/solution/san-chong-jie-fa-cong-nan-dao-yi-zong-you-gua-he-n/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权,非商业转载请注明出处。
来源:力扣(LeetCode)
链接:https://leetcode.cn/problems/trips-and-users
著作权归领扣网络所有。商业转载请联系官方授权,非商业转载请注明出处。