SpringCloud是一个分布式的服务,
那什么是分布式呢?
微服务包含四个主要结构:
eurekaserver注册中心、configserver配置中心、provider服务提供者,consumer服务消费者等模块。
SpringCloud如何来实现服务注册和服务发现功能呢?
微服务项目的大致结构是什么?
每一个服务模块都需要在注册中心eurekaserver进行注册。经过注册的服务要在配置中心configserver进行shared配置,配置完成后的服务才能被扫描到。微服务将访问后台数据并与前端进行交互的一个整体拆分成两部分,其中服务消费者通过Feign来调用服务提供者里的数据,从而实现与用户进行交互;服务提供者是用于访问后台数据库,目的是为服务消费者提供后台数据支持。
项目的架构如下:
如何搭建微服务框架?
第一步,环境搭建:
新建maven工程,配置pom文件,导入依赖
以下是我的pom.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.wzx</groupId>
<artifactId>aispringclouddemo</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>eurekaserver</module>
<module>configserver</module>
<module>order</module>
<module>menu</module>
<module>client</module>
<module>user</module>
</modules>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.6.3</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 解决 JDK 9 以上没有 JAXB API 的问题 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId>
<artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.xml.bind</groupId>
<artifactId>jaxb-impl</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0-M4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.xml.bind</groupId>
<artifactId>jaxb-core</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.activation</groupId>
<artifactId>activation</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2021.0.1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>13</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>13</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
</project>
第二步,搭建注册中心,新建一个注册中心模块Eurekaserver
并修改pom.xml如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>aispringclouddemo</artifactId>
<groupId>com.wzx</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>eurekaserver</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
<version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>13</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>13</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
</project>
在resource目录下,新建一个application.yml文件,添加内容如下
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: false
fetch-registry: false
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
eureka.client.register-with-eureka :是否将当前的 Eureka Server 服务作为客户端进⾏注册。
创建一个EurekaserverApplication启动类
package com.wzx;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class,args);
}
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/f7e117ec1789491b42b14959cbcf2ed4.png)
第三步:搭建配置中心,新建一个配置中心模块configserver
并修改pom.xml如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>aispringclouddemo</artifactId>
<groupId>com.wzx</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>configserver</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>13</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>13</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
</project>
在resource目录下,新建一个application.yml文件,添加内容如下:
server:
port: 8762
spring:
application:
name: configserver
profiles:
active: native
cloud:
config:
server:
native:
search-locations: classpath:/shared
server:
port: 8020
spring:
application:
name: menu
datasource:
name: test
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
username: root
password: 123
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defalutZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
mybatis:
mapper-locations: classpath:/mapping/*.xml
创建一个ConfigServerApplication启动类
package com.wzx;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.config.server.EnableConfigServer;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableConfigServer
public class ConfigServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ConfigServerApplication.class,args);
}
}
总结构如下:
第四步:添加服务提供者provider
以服务提供者menu为例:
首先是添加pom依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>aispringclouddemo</artifactId>
<groupId>com.wzx</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>menu</artifactId>
<!--在注册中心进行注册,成为一个服务提供者-->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.28</version>
</dependency>
<!--读取配置中心的配置文件-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
<version>2.2.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>13</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>13</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
</project>
然后,新建bootstrap.yml文件
spring:
application:
name: menu
profiles:
active: dev
cloud:
config:
uri: http://localhost:8762
fail-fast: true
接下来就是,创建启动类MenuApplication
package com.wzx;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.wzx.repository")
public class MenuApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MenuApplication.class,args);
}
}
创建Controller包,并新建一个MenuHandler类
package com.wzx.controller;
import com.wzx.entity.Menu;
import com.wzx.entity.MenuVO;
import com.wzx.entity.Type;
import com.wzx.repository.MenuRepository;
import com.wzx.repository.TypeRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/menu")
public class MenuHandler {
@Value("${server.port}")
private String port;
@Autowired
private MenuRepository menuRepository;
@Autowired
private TypeRepository typeRepository;
@GetMapping("/index")
public String index(){
return "menu的端口:" +this.port;
}
@GetMapping("/findAll/{index}/{limit}")
public MenuVO findAll(@PathVariable ("index")int index,@PathVariable("limit")int limit){
return new MenuVO(0,"", menuRepository.count(), menuRepository.findAll(index,limit));
}
@DeleteMapping("/deleteById/{id}")
public void deleteById(@PathVariable("id") long id){
menuRepository.deleteById(id);
}
@GetMapping("/findTypes")
public List<Type> findTypes(){
return typeRepository.findAll();
}
@PostMapping("/save")
public void save(@RequestBody Menu menu){
menuRepository.save(menu);
}
@GetMapping("/findById/{id}")
public Menu findById(@PathVariable("id") long id){
return menuRepository.findById(id);
}
@PutMapping("/update")
public void update(@RequestBody Menu menu){
menuRepository.update(menu);
}
}
创建实体类包entity,新建menu类、menuVO类、Tpye类
package com.wzx.entity;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class Menu {
private long id;
private String name;
private double price;
private String flavor;
private Type type;
}
package com.wzx.entity;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.util.List;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class MenuVO {
private int code;
private String msg;
private int count;
private List<Menu> data;
}
package com.wzx.entity;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class Type {
private long id;
private String name;
}
新建repository包,以及新建MenuRepository、TypeRepository接口
package com.wzx.repository;
import com.wzx.entity.Type;
import java.util.List;
public interface TypeRepository {
public Type findById(long id);
public List<Type> findAll();
}
package com.wzx.repository;
import com.wzx.entity.Menu;
import java.util.List;
public interface MenuRepository {
public List<Menu> findAll(int index,int limit);
public int count();
public Menu findById(long id);
public void save(Menu menu);
public void update(Menu menu);
public void deleteById(long id);
}
在resource里新建mapping包,将sql语句在与repository接口对应的xml文件中实现
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.wzx.repository.MenuRepository">
<resultMap id="menuMap" type="com.wzx.entity.Menu">
<id column="id" property="id"></id>
<result column="name" property="name"></result>
<result column="price" property="price"></result>
<result column="flavor" property="flavor"></result>
<association property="type" select="com.wzx.repository.TypeRepository.findById" column="tid"></association>
</resultMap>
<select id="findAll" resultMap="menuMap">
select * from t_menu limit #{param1},#{param2}
</select>
<select id="count" resultType="int">
select count(*) from t_menu;
</select>
<insert id="save" parameterType="com.wzx.entity.Menu">
insert into t_menu(name,price,flavor,tid) values(#{name},#{price},#{flavor},#{type.id})
</insert>
<select id="findById" resultMap="menuMap">
select * from t_menu where id = #{id}
</select>
<update id="update" parameterType="com.wzx.entity.Menu">
update t_menu set name = #{name},price = #{price},flavor = #{flavor},tid = #{type.id} where id = #{id}
</update>
<delete id="deleteById" parameterType="long">
delete from t_menu where id = #{id}
</delete>
</mapper>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.wzx.repository.TypeRepository">
<select id="findById" resultType="com.wzx.entity.Type">
select * from t_type where id = #{id}
</select>
<select id="findAll" resultType="com.wzx.entity.Type">
select * from t_type
</select>
</mapper>
测试一下,如果能够访问到后台数据了,那么这个服务提供者就是搭建成功了
第五步:搭建服务消费者Consumer
服务消费者是与前端进行交互的,服务消费者是通过Feign来调用服务提供者的
以服务消费者client为例:
新建一个连接menu模块的MenuFeign:
package com.wzx.feign;
import com.wzx.entity.Menu;
import com.wzx.entity.MenuVO;
import com.wzx.entity.Type;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;
@FeignClient(value = "menu")
public interface MenuFeign {
@GetMapping("/menu/findAll/{index}/{limit}")
public MenuVO findAll(@PathVariable("index") int index, @PathVariable("limit")int limit);
@DeleteMapping("/menu/deleteById/{id}")
public void deleteById(@PathVariable("id") long id);
@GetMapping("/menu/findTypes")
public List<Type> findTypes();
@PostMapping("/menu/save")
public void save(Menu menu);
@GetMapping("/menu/findById/{id}")
public Menu findById(@PathVariable long id);
@PutMapping("/menu/update")
public void update(Menu menu);
}
在resource包中添加与前端交互的静态页面static
其中inde.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/layui/css/layui.css}" media="all">
</head>
<body>
<div class="layui-container" style="width: 700px;height: 600px;margin-top: 0px;padding-top: 60px;">
<div style="margin-left: 460px; width: 200px;">
欢迎回来! <button class="layui-btn layui-btn-warm layui-btn-radius">退出</button></a>
</div>
<table class="layui-hide" id="test" lay-filter="test"></table>
<script type="text/html" id="barDemo">
<a class="layui-btn layui-btn-xs" lay-event="update">编辑</a>
<a class="layui-btn layui-btn-danger layui-btn-xs" lay-event="del">删除</a>
</script>
<script th:src="@{/layui/layui.js}" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script>
layui.use('table', function(){
var table = layui.table;
table.render({
elem: '#test'
,url:'/menu/findAll'
,title: '菜单列表'
,cols: [
[
{field:'id', width:100, title: '编号', sort: true}
,{field:'name', width:170, title: '菜品'}
,{field:'price', width:100, title: '单价'}
,{field:'flavor', width:70, title: '口味'}
,{field:'tid',width:100, title: '分类',templet:function(data){
return data.type.name
}
}
,{fixed: 'right', title:'操作', toolbar: '#barDemo', width:130}
]
]
,page: true
});
//监听行工具事件
table.on('tool(test)', function(obj){
var data = obj.data;
if(obj.event === 'update'){
window.location.href="/menu/findById/"+data.id;
}
if(obj.event === 'del'){
layer.confirm('确定要删除吗?',function (index) {
window.location.href="/menu/deleteById/"+data.id;
layer.close(index);
});
}
});
});
</script>
</div>
</body>
</html>
在页面如果能够通过路径访问到index页面,并且能够连接到后台接口,那么这个服务消费者就实现了。
总结:
在学习这个SpringCloud小demo的过程中,我对SpringCloud这个微服务框架有了大致的了解,他是分布式和集群,如果我用我浅薄的知识概括一下SpringCloud的话,我认为SpringCloud分布式就是多个springboot服务分别部署,并且整合在一起。同时,我了解了如何去搭建SpringCloud项目。
坚定目标,日日精进,必有所成。共勉! !