Java 中文编码

     标准的Unicode称为UTF-16(UTF:UCSTransformation Format )，后来为了双字节的Unicode能够在现存的处理单字节的系统上正确传输，出现了UTF-8。UTF-8, 8bit编码, ASCII不作变换, 其他字符做变长编码, 每个字符1-3 byte. 其中英文字母用一个字节表示，中文使用三个字节。

java默认采用unicode编码，2个字节（16位）来表示一个字符。

public class Unicode {
	
        public static void main(String[] args) {  
            String str= "汉";  
            char x = '汉';  
            byte[] bytes=null; 
            byte[] unicode_byte=null;  
            byte[] utf16_byte=null;                 
            byte[] utf8_byte=null; 
            byte[] gb2312_byte=null; 
            
            byte[] bytes1=null;  
            try {  
            	bytes = str.getBytes();  
            	unicode_byte = str.getBytes("unicode");  
            	utf16_byte = str.getBytes("utf-16"); 
            	utf8_byte = str.getBytes("utf-8"); 
            	gb2312_byte = str.getBytes("GB2312"); 
            	
                bytes1 = charToBytes(x);  
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {  
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
        System.out.println("默认 bytes = " + bytes.length + ",bytes = "+ bytes2HexString(bytes));
		System.out.println("unicode_byte = " + unicode_byte.length + ",unicode_byte = "+ bytes2HexString(unicode_byte));
		System.out.println("utf16_byte = " + utf16_byte.length + ",utf16_byte = "+ bytes2HexString(utf16_byte));
		System.out.println("utf8_byte = " + utf8_byte.length + ",utf8_byte = "	+ bytes2HexString(utf8_byte));
		System.out.println("gb2312_byte = " + gb2312_byte.length + ",gb2312_byte = "+ bytes2HexString(gb2312_byte));
		
		System.out.println("bytes1 len = " + bytes1.length + ",bytes1 = "+ bytes2HexString(bytes1));
	}

	public static byte[] charToBytes(char c) {
		byte[] b = new byte[2];
		b[0] = (byte) ((c & 0xFF00) >> 8);
		b[1] = (byte) (c & 0xFF);
		return b;
	}

	public static String bytes2HexString(byte[] b) {
		String ret = "";
		for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
			String hex = Integer.toHexString(b[i] & 0xFF);
			ret += hex.toUpperCase();
		}
		ret = "0X" + ret;
		return ret;
	}
}

运行的结果为：

默认 bytes = 2,bytes = 0XBABA
unicode_byte = 4,unicode_byte = 0XFEFF6C49
utf16_byte = 4,utf16_byte = 0XFEFF6C49
utf8_byte = 3,utf8_byte = 0XE6B189
gb2312_byte = 2,gb2312_byte = 0XBABA
bytes1 len = 2,bytes1 = 0X6C49

总体上讲，编码格式跟字符含有字节数，有一定的关系。