二叉树的前中后序遍历

下面代码实现了二叉树的前中后序遍历，包括递归和非递归版本：

package tree;

import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by International on 2018/4/26.
 */
public class BinaryTree {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TreeNode d = new TreeNode("D");
        TreeNode e = new TreeNode("E");
        TreeNode f = new TreeNode("F");

        TreeNode b = new TreeNode("B", null, d);
        TreeNode c = new TreeNode("C", e, f);

        TreeNode a = new TreeNode("A", b, c);

        List<TreeNode> result = new ArrayList<>();

        /*
         * 递归方法完成前、中、后序遍历
         */
//        preTraverse(a, result);
//        inTraverse(a, result);
//        postTraverse(a, result);

        /*
         * 非递归方法完成前、中、后序遍历
         */
//        preTraverse1(a, result);
//        inTraverse1(a, result);
//        postTraverse1(a, result);

        printResult(result);
    }

    private static void printResult(List<TreeNode> result) {
        for (int i = 0; i < result.size(); i++) {
            if (i == 0) {
                System.out.print(result.get(i).val);
            } else {
                System.out.print(" --> " + result.get(i).val);
            }
        }
    }

    public static void preTraverse(TreeNode node, List<TreeNode> result) {
        if (node == null) {
            return ;
        }
//        System.out.print(node.val);
        result.add(node);
        preTraverse(node.left, result);
        preTraverse(node.right, result);
    }

    public static void inTraverse(TreeNode node, List<TreeNode> result) {
        if (node == null) {
            return ;
        }
        inTraverse(node.left, result);
//        System.out.println(node.val);
        result.add(node);
        inTraverse(node.right, result);
    }

    public static void postTraverse(TreeNode node, List<TreeNode> result) {
        if (node == null) {
            return ;
        }
        postTraverse(node.left, result);
        postTraverse(node.right, result);
        result.add(node);
    }


    private static void preTraverse1(TreeNode node, List<TreeNode> result) {
        if (node == null) {
            return;
        }
        Deque<Guide> deque = new ArrayDeque<>();
        deque.push(new Guide(0, node));
        while (! deque.isEmpty()) {
            Guide guide = deque.pop();
            TreeNode treeNode = guide.node;
            if (guide.opt == 0) {
                if (treeNode.right != null) {
                    deque.push(new Guide(0, treeNode.right));
                }
                if (treeNode.left != null) {
                    deque.push(new Guide(0, treeNode.left));
                }
                deque.push(new Guide(1, treeNode));
            } else if (guide.opt == 1) {
                result.add(treeNode);
            }
        }
    }

    public static void inTraverse1(TreeNode node, List<TreeNode> result) {
        if (node == null) {
            return;
        }
        Deque<Guide> deque = new ArrayDeque<>();
        deque.push(new Guide(0, node));
        while (!deque.isEmpty()) {
            Guide guide = deque.pop();
            TreeNode treeNode = guide.node;
            if (guide.opt == 0) {
                if (treeNode.right != null) {
                    deque.push(new Guide(0, treeNode.right));
                }
                deque.push(new Guide(1, treeNode));
                if (treeNode.left != null) {
                    deque.push(new Guide(0, treeNode.left));
                }
            } else if (guide.opt == 1) {
                result.add(treeNode);
            }
        }
    }

    public static void postTraverse1(TreeNode node, List<TreeNode> result) {
        if (node == null) {
            return ;
        }
        Deque<Guide> deque = new ArrayDeque<>();
        deque.push(new Guide(0, node));
        while (!deque.isEmpty()) {
            Guide guide = deque.pop();
            TreeNode treeNode = guide.node;
            if (guide.opt == 0) {
                deque.push(new Guide(1, treeNode));
                if (treeNode.right != null) {
                    deque.push(new Guide(0, treeNode.right));
                }
                if (treeNode.left != null) {
                    deque.push(new Guide(0, treeNode.left));
                }
            } else if (guide.opt == 1) {
                result.add(treeNode);
            }
        }
    }

}

class Guide {
    int opt; // 0-visit; 1-print
    TreeNode node;

    public Guide(int opt, TreeNode node) {
        this.opt = opt;
        this.node = node;
    }
}

class TreeNode {
    String val;
    TreeNode left;
    TreeNode right;

    public TreeNode(String val) {
        this.val = val;
    }

    public TreeNode(String val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
        this.val = val;
        this.left = left;
        this.right = right;
    }
}

package binaryTree;

import java.util.*;

/*
 * 二叉树的递归与非递归版本，下面的版本中，非递归版本不如上面的清晰，上面版本通过构造一个任务类，将任务类压入、弹出栈完成遍历，不仅更清晰，也更简单。
 */
public class Traverse {
	//递归版本
	public static void preTraverse(TreeNode node) {
		if(node == null) 
			return;
		
		System.out.println(node.value);//或其他操作
		
		preTraverse(node.left);
		preTraverse(node.right);
	}
	
	public static void inTraverse(TreeNode node) {
		if(node == null)
			return;
		
		inTraverse(node.left);
		
		System.out.println(node.value);//或其他操作
		
		inTraverse(node.right);
	}
	
	public static void postTraverse(TreeNode node) {
		if(node == null)
			return;
		
		postTraverse(node.left);
		postTraverse(node.right);
		
		System.out.println(node.value);//或其他操作
	}
	
	//非递归版本
	public static void rePreTraverse(TreeNode node) {
		if(node == null)
			return;
		
		Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<TreeNode>();
		stack.push(node);
		while(!stack.isEmpty()) {
			TreeNode tmp = stack.pop();
			System.out.println(tmp.value);//或其他操作
			
			if(tmp.right != null)
				stack.push(tmp.right);
			if(tmp.left != null)
				stack.push(tmp.left);
		}
	}
	
	public static void reInTraverse(TreeNode node) {
		if(node == null)
			return;
		
		Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<TreeNode>();
		while(node != null || !stack.isEmpty()) {
			if(node != null) {
				stack.push(node);
				node = node.left;
			} else {
				node = stack.pop();
				
				System.out.println(node.value);//或其他操作
				
				node = node.right;
			}
		}
	}
	
	public static void rePostTraverse(TreeNode node) {
		 Stack<TreeNode> s = new Stack<TreeNode>();
		  TreeNode p = node;
		  //pre标记最近出栈的节点，用于判断是否是p节点的右孩子，如果是的话，就可以访问p节点
		  TreeNode pre = p;
		  //flag标记是出栈还是继续将左孩子进栈：true标记进栈；false标记出栈；
		  boolean flag = true;
		  while(p!=null || !s.isEmpty()) {
			  if(p!=null && flag) {
				  s.push(p);
				  p = p.left;
			  }
			  else {
				  if(s.isEmpty()) return;
				  p = s.peek();
				  if(p.right != null && p.right!=pre) {
					  p = p.right;
					  flag = true;
				  }
				  else {
					  p = s.pop();
					  System.out.println(p.value);
					  flag = false;
					  pre = p;
				  }
			  }
		 }
	}
}