flutter 跨模块之间数据共享实践

001 Provider

它是inheritedWidget语法糖。提供了依赖注册的功能，允许Widget树中更加灵活处理和传递数据

依赖注册是一种可以让我们在需要的时提取到所需资源的机制，换句话说是预先将某种资源放到程序中的某个我们都可以访问的

的位置，当需要使用这个资源时，直接去这个位置拿即可，无需关心资源时谁放进去。

封装的数据源不仅需要为子widget提供读的能力，还要提供写的能力，需要使用ChangeNotifierProvider.value。

获取Provider的数据

final _counter = Provider.of<CounterModel>(context);

final textSize = Provider.of<double>(context);

002 Consumer

就是比Provider更加方便，一次性获取到两个参数，就很方便快捷，效率高，除此之外还可以控制UI刷新的粒度，避免与数据无关组件的无用刷新。

003 代码

main.dart

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import 'counter_model.dart';
import 'provider_demo.dart';
import 'consumer_demo.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(MyApp1());
}

class MyApp1 extends StatelessWidget {
  const MyApp1({Key key}) : super(key: key);

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
   return MultiProvider(
      providers: [
        Provider.value(value: 30.0),
        ChangeNotifierProvider.value(value: CounterModel())
      ],
      child: MaterialApp(
          title: 'Flutter Demo',
          theme: ThemeData(
            primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
          ),
          home: HomePage()),
    );
  }
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  // This widget is the root of your application.
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter Demo',
      theme: ThemeData(
        // This is the theme of your application.
        //
        // Try running your application with "flutter run". You'll see the
        // application has a blue toolbar. Then, without quitting the app, try
        // changing the primarySwatch below to Colors.green and then invoke
        // "hot reload" (press "r" in the console where you ran "flutter run",
        // or simply save your changes to "hot reload" in a Flutter IDE).
        // Notice that the counter didn't reset back to zero; the application
        // is not restarted.
        primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
        // This makes the visual density adapt to the platform that you run
        // the app on. For desktop platforms, the controls will be smaller and
        // closer together (more dense) than on mobile platforms.
        visualDensity: VisualDensity.adaptivePlatformDensity,
      ),
      home: MyHomePage(title: 'Flutter Demo Home Page'),
    );
  }
}

class HomePage extends StatelessWidget {
  const HomePage({Key key}) : super(key: key);

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return DefaultTabController(
      length: 2,
      child: Scaffold(
        body: TabBarView(
          children: [ConsumerTabPage1(), ProviderTabPage1()],
        ),
        bottomNavigationBar: TabBar(
          tabs: [
            Tab(
              icon: Icon(Icons.home),
              text: "Cos",
            ),
            Tab(
              icon: Icon(Icons.hot_tub),
              text: "Pro",
            )
          ],
          unselectedLabelColor: Colors.blueGrey,
          labelColor: Colors.blue,
          indicatorSize: TabBarIndicatorSize.label,
          indicatorColor: Colors.greenAccent,
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {
  MyHomePage({Key key, this.title}) : super(key: key);

  // This widget is the home page of your application. It is stateful, meaning
  // that it has a State object (defined below) that contains fields that affect
  // how it looks.

  // This class is the configuration for the state. It holds the values (in this
  // case the title) provided by the parent (in this case the App widget) and
  // used by the build method of the State. Fields in a Widget subclass are
  // always marked "final".

  final String title;

  @override
  _MyHomePageState createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
  int _counter = 0;

  void _incrementCounter() {
    setState(() {
      // This call to setState tells the Flutter framework that something has
      // changed in this State, which causes it to rerun the build method below
      // so that the display can reflect the updated values. If we changed
      // _counter without calling setState(), then the build method would not be
      // called again, and so nothing would appear to happen.
      _counter++;
    });
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    // This method is rerun every time setState is called, for instance as done
    // by the _incrementCounter method above.
    //
    // The Flutter framework has been optimized to make rerunning build methods
    // fast, so that you can just rebuild anything that needs updating rather
    // than having to individually change instances of widgets.
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        // Here we take the value from the MyHomePage object that was created by
        // the App.build method, and use it to set our appbar title.
        title: Text(widget.title),
      ),
      body: Center(
        // Center is a layout widget. It takes a single child and positions it
        // in the middle of the parent.
        child: Column(
          // Column is also a layout widget. It takes a list of children and
          // arranges them vertically. By default, it sizes itself to fit its
          // children horizontally, and tries to be as tall as its parent.
          //
          // Invoke "debug painting" (press "p" in the console, choose the
          // "Toggle Debug Paint" action from the Flutter Inspector in Android
          // Studio, or the "Toggle Debug Paint" command in Visual Studio Code)
          // to see the wireframe for each widget.
          //
          // Column has various properties to control how it sizes itself and
          // how it positions its children. Here we use mainAxisAlignment to
          // center the children vertically; the main axis here is the vertical
          // axis because Columns are vertical (the cross axis would be
          // horizontal).
          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
          children: <Widget>[
            Text(
              'You have pushed the button this many times:',
            ),
            Text(
              '$_counter',
              style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.headline4,
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
      floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
        onPressed: _incrementCounter,
        tooltip: 'Increment',
        child: Icon(Icons.add),
      ), // This trailing comma makes auto-formatting nicer for build methods.
    );
  }
}

comsumer_demo.dart

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'counter_model.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import 'test_icon.dart';

class ConsumerTabPage1 extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final _counter = Provider.of<CounterModel>(context);
    final textSize = Provider.of<double>(context);
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(

        title: Text('First Page'),
      ),
      body: Center(
        child: Text(
          'Counter: ${_counter.counter}',
          style: TextStyle(fontSize: textSize),
        ),
      ),
      floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
        onPressed: () => Navigator.of(context).push(MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => ConsumerTabPage2())),
        child: Icon(Icons.navigate_next),
      ),
    );
  }
}

class ConsumerTabPage2 extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {

    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('Second Page'),
      ),
      body: Consumer2<CounterModel,double>(
          builder: (context, CounterModel counter, double textSize, _) => Text(
              'Counter: ${counter.counter}',
              style: TextStyle(fontSize: textSize))
      ),
      floatingActionButton: Consumer<CounterModel>(
        builder: (context, CounterModel counter, child) => FloatingActionButton(
          onPressed: counter.increment,
          child: child,
        ),
        child: TestIcon(),
      ),
    );
  }
}

counter_model.dart

import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';

class CounterModel with ChangeNotifier {
  int _count = 0;
  int get counter => _count;

  void increment() {
    _count++;
    notifyListeners();
  }
}

provider_demo.dart

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'counter_model.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import 'test_icon.dart';


class ProviderTabPage1 extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final _counter = Provider.of<CounterModel>(context);
    final textSize = Provider.of<double>(context);
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(

        title: Text('First Page'),
      ),
      body: Center(
        child: Text(
          'Counter: ${_counter.counter}',
          style: TextStyle(fontSize: textSize),
        ),
      ),
      floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
        onPressed: () => Navigator.of(context).push(MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => ProviderTabPage2())),
        child: Icon(Icons.navigate_next),
      ),
    );
  }
}


class ProviderTabPage2 extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final _counter = Provider.of<CounterModel>(context);
    final textSize = Provider.of<double>(context);

    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('Second Page'),
      ),
      body: Text(
        'Counter: ${_counter.counter}',
        style: TextStyle(fontSize: textSize),
      ),
      floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
        onPressed: _counter.increment,
        child: TestIcon(),
      ),

    );
  }
}

test_icon.dart

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

class TestIcon extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    print("TestIcon build");
    return Icon(Icons.add);
  }
}

参考资料

https://time.geekbang.org/column/article/131890