针对mysql的基础应用

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-21 19:06:05 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-21 19:06:05 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Conan_Fate/article/details/116541539

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针对mysql的基础应用

首先创建以下表格：
–1.学生表
Student(SId,Sname,Sage,Ssex)
–SId 学生编号,Sname 学生姓名,Sage 出生年月,Ssex 学生性别
–2.课程表
Course(CId,Cname,TId)
–CId 课程编号,Cname 课程名称,TId 教师编号
–3.教师表
Teacher(TId,Tname)
–TId 教师编号,Tname 教师姓名
–4.成绩表
SC(SId,CId,score)
–SId 学生编号,CId 课程编号,score 分数

输入下述代码分别创建表格

学生表 Student
create table Student(SId varchar(10),Sname varchar(10),Sage datetime,Ssex varchar(10));
insert into Student values(‘01’ , ‘赵雷’ , ‘1990-01-01’ , ‘男’);
insert into Student values(‘02’ , ‘钱电’ , ‘1990-12-21’ , ‘男’);
insert into Student values(‘03’ , ‘孙风’ , ‘1990-12-20’ , ‘男’);
insert into Student values(‘04’ , ‘李云’ , ‘1990-12-06’ , ‘男’);
insert into Student values(‘05’ , ‘周梅’ , ‘1991-12-01’ , ‘女’);
insert into Student values(‘06’ , ‘吴兰’ , ‘1992-01-01’ , ‘女’);
insert into Student values(‘07’ , ‘郑竹’ , ‘1989-01-01’ , ‘女’);
insert into Student values(‘09’ , ‘张三’ , ‘2017-12-20’ , ‘女’);
insert into Student values(‘10’ , ‘李四’ , ‘2017-12-25’ , ‘女’);
insert into Student values(‘11’ , ‘李四’ , ‘2012-06-06’ , ‘女’);
insert into Student values(‘12’ , ‘赵六’ , ‘2013-06-13’ , ‘女’);
insert into Student values(‘13’ , ‘孙七’ , ‘2014-06-01’ , ‘女’);
科目表 Course
create table Course(CId varchar(10),Cname nvarchar(10),TId varchar(10));
insert into Course values(‘01’ , ‘语文’ , ‘02’);
insert into Course values(‘02’ , ‘数学’ , ‘01’);
insert into Course values(‘03’ , ‘英语’ , ‘03’);
教师表 Teacher
create table Teacher(TId varchar(10),Tname varchar(10));
insert into Teacher values(‘01’ , ‘张三’);
insert into Teacher values(‘02’ , ‘李四’);
insert into Teacher values(‘03’ , ‘王五’);
成绩表 SC
create table SC(SId varchar(10),CId varchar(10),score decimal(18,1));
insert into SC values(‘01’ , ‘01’ , 80);
insert into SC values(‘01’ , ‘02’ , 90);
insert into SC values(‘01’ , ‘03’ , 99);
insert into SC values(‘02’ , ‘01’ , 70);
insert into SC values(‘02’ , ‘02’ , 60);
insert into SC values(‘02’ , ‘03’ , 80);
insert into SC values(‘03’ , ‘01’ , 80);
insert into SC values(‘03’ , ‘02’ , 80);
insert into SC values(‘03’ , ‘03’ , 80);
insert into SC values(‘04’ , ‘01’ , 50);
insert into SC values(‘04’ , ‘02’ , 30);
insert into SC values(‘04’ , ‘03’ , 20);
insert into SC values(‘05’ , ‘01’ , 76);
insert into SC values(‘05’ , ‘02’ , 87);
insert into SC values(‘06’ , ‘01’ , 31);
insert into SC values(‘06’ , ‘03’ , 34);
insert into SC values(‘07’ , ‘02’ , 89);
insert into SC values(‘07’ , ‘03’ , 98);
创建完成之后记得先用select函数查看表格：
在这里插入图片描述

相关例题以及答案

1. 查询" 01 “课程比” 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
这里需要用到多表查询，因此使用join函数将学生，科目表和分数索引在一起

 	select * from Student RIGHT JOIN (
    select t1.SId, class1, class2 from
          (select SId, score as class1 from sc where sc.CId = '01')as t1, 
          (select SId, score as class2 from sc where sc.CId = '02')as t2
    where t1.SId = t2.SId AND t1.class1 > t2.class2
)r 
on Student.SId = r.SId;

具体操作如下图所示
在这里插入图片描述
1.1 查询同时存在" 01 “课程和” 02 "课程的情况
因为在同一张表格中所以不需要索引。因为在成绩的表格中的，因此只要查询同时存在01课程和02课程的同学使他们的isd相等即可。具体代码：

select * from 
    (select * from sc where sc.CId = '01') as t1, 
    (select * from sc where sc.CId = '02') as t2
where t1.SId = t2.SId;

在这里插入图片描述
1.2 查询存在" 01 “课程但可能不存在” 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null )
因为存在不显示的情况所以上诉方法不能使用，我们需要将一张表达的’01’索引到‘02‘的左边（如果要索引到右边把left改成right就行）。具体如下述代码：

select * from 
(select * from sc where sc.CId = '01') as t1
left join 
(select * from sc where sc.CId = '02') as t2
on t1.SId = t2.SId;

在这里插入图片描述
1.3 查询不存在" 01 “课程但存在” 02 "课程的情况
这里只需要让“01”所对应的为空，并且存在课程“02”即可

select * from sc
where sc.SId not in (
    select SId from sc 
    where sc.CId = '01'
) 
AND sc.CID = '02';

在这里插入图片描述
2. 查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
这里需要用到多表查询，这里我使用联合查询

select student.SId,sname,ss from student,(
    select SId, AVG(score) as ss from sc  
    GROUP BY SId 
    HAVING AVG(score)> 60
    )r
where student.sid = r.sid;

第一行表示显示SId,sname,ss其中sname和Sid为studnt中本身存在的列，ss则是不存在的列所以在下面给ss赋值，并且用having判断平均分是否大于60.最终显示结果如下：在这里插入图片描述
3. 查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息

select DISTINCT student.*
from student,sc
where student.SId=sc.Sid；

在这里插入图片描述
4.查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的成绩总和

select student.sid, student.sname,r.coursenumber,r.scoresum
from student,
(select sc.sid, sum(sc.score) as scoresum, count(sc.cid) as coursenumber from sc 
group by sc.sid)r
where student.sid = r.sid;

这里重点用到了sum(),count()函数
在这里插入图片描述
4.2 查有成绩的学生信息
直接联合查询即可

select * from student 
where exists (select sc.sid from sc where student.sid = sc.sid);

在这里插入图片描述
5. 查询「李」姓老师的数量
这里主要

select count(*)
from teacher
where tname like '李%';

like 后面“李%”代表开头为李，后面随意
在这里插入图片描述

6. 查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息

select student.* from student,teacher,course,sc
where 
    student.sid = sc.sid 
    and course.cid=sc.cid 
    and course.tid = teacher.tid 
    and tname = '张三';

在这里插入图片描述
7. 查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
查询所有学生，然后将没有全选课程的同学排除

select * from student
where student.sid not in (
  select sc.sid from sc
  group by sc.sid
  having count(sc.cid)= (select count(cid) from course)
);

在这里插入图片描述

8. 查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息

select * from student 
where student.sid in (
    select sc.sid from sc 
    where sc.cid in(
        select sc.cid from sc 
        where sc.sid = '01'
    )
);
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210509062643202.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0NvbmFuX0ZhdGU=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)

9.查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息
10.查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

select * from student
    where student.sid not in(
        select sc.sid from sc where sc.cid in(
            select course.cid from course where course.tid in(
                select teacher.tid from teacher where tname = "张三"
            )
        )
    );

在这里插入图片描述
11.查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩

select student.SId, student.Sname,b.avg
from student RIGHT JOIN
(select sid, AVG(score) as avg from sc
    where sid in (
              select sid from sc 
              where score<60 
              GROUP BY sid 
              HAVING count(score)>1)
    GROUP BY sid) b on student.sid=b.sid;

在这里插入图片描述
12. 检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60，按分数降序排列的学生信息

select student.*, sc.score from student, sc
where student.sid = sc.sid
and sc.score < 60
and cid = "01"
ORDER BY sc.score DESC;

在这里插入图片描述
13. 按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩

select *  from sc 
left join (
    select sid,avg(score) as avscore from sc 
    group by sid
    )r 
on sc.sid = r.sid
order by avscore desc;

在这里插入图片描述
14. 查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分：

select 
sc.CId ,
max(sc.score)as 最高分,
min(sc.score)as 最低分,
AVG(sc.score)as 平均分,
count(*)as 选修人数,
sum(case when sc.score>=60 then 1 else 0 end )/count(*)as 及格率,
sum(case when sc.score>=70 and sc.score<80 then 1 else 0 end )/count(*)as 中等率,
sum(case when sc.score>=80 and sc.score<90 then 1 else 0 end )/count(*)as 优良率,
sum(case when sc.score>=90 then 1 else 0 end )/count(*)as 优秀率 
from sc
GROUP BY sc.CId
ORDER BY count(*)DESC, sc.CId ASC
；

在这里插入图片描述

15. 按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名， Score 重复时保留名次空缺

select a.cid, a.sid, a.score, count(b.score)+1 as rank
from sc as a 
left join sc as b 
on a.score<b.score and a.cid = b.cid
group by a.cid, a.sid,a.score
order by a.cid, rank ASC;

16. 查询学生的总成绩，并进行排名，总分重复时不保留名次空缺

set @crank=0;
select q.sid, total, @crank := @crank +1 as rank from(
select sc.sid, sum(sc.score) as total from sc
group by sc.sid
order by total desc)q;

17. 统计各科成绩各分数段人数：课程编号，课程名称，[100-85]，[85-70]，[70-60]，[60-0] 及所占百分比

select course.cname, course.cid,
sum(case when sc.score<=100 and sc.score>85 then 1 else 0 end) as "[100-85]",
sum(case when sc.score<=85 and sc.score>70 then 1 else 0 end) as "[85-70]",
sum(case when sc.score<=70 and sc.score>60 then 1 else 0 end) as "[70-60]",
sum(case when sc.score<=60 and sc.score>0 then 1 else 0 end) as "[60-0]"
from sc left join course
on sc.cid = course.cid
group by sc.cid;

18. 查询各科成绩前三名的记录

select * from sc
where (
select count(*) from sc as a 
where sc.cid = a.cid and sc.score<a.score 
)< 3
order by cid asc, sc.score desc;

在这里插入图片描述
19.查询每门课程被选修的学生数

select cid, count(sid) from sc 
group by cid;

在这里插入图片描述
20.查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名

select student.sid, student.sname from student
where student.sid in
(select sc.sid from sc
group by sc.sid
having count(sc.cid)=2
);

在这里插入图片描述
21.查询男生、女生人数

select ssex, count(*) from student
group by ssex;

在这里插入图片描述
22.查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息

select *
from student 
where student.Sname like '%风%';

在这里插入图片描述
23.查询同名学生名单，并统计同名人数
找到同名的名字并统计个数

select sname, count(*) from student
group by sname
having count(*)>1;

在这里插入图片描述
24.查询 1990 年出生的学生名单

select *
from student
where YEAR(student.Sage)=1990;

在这里插入图片描述
25.查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩降序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程编号升序排列

select sc.cid, course.cname, AVG(SC.SCORE) as average from sc, course
where sc.cid = course.cid
group by sc.cid 
order by average desc,cid asc;

26.查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩

select student.sid, student.sname, AVG(sc.score) as aver from student, sc
where student.sid = sc.sid
group by sc.sid
having aver > 85;

27.查询课程名称为「数学」，且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数

select student.sname, sc.score from student, sc, course
where student.sid = sc.sid
and course.cid = sc.cid
and course.cname = "数学"
and sc.score < 60;

在这里插入图片描述
28.查询所有学生的课程及分数情况（存在学生没成绩，没选课的情况）

select student.sname, cid, score from student
left join sc
on student.sid = sc.sid;

在这里插入图片描述
29.查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数

select student.sname, course.cname,sc.score from student,course,sc
where sc.score>70
and student.sid = sc.sid
and sc.cid = course.cid;

在这里插入图片描述
30.查询存在不及格的课程

select cid from sc
where score< 60
group by cid;

在这里插入图片描述
31.查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分及以上的学生的学号和姓名

select student.sid,student.sname 
from student,sc
where cid="01"
and score>=80
and student.sid = sc.sid;

在这里插入图片描述
32.求每门课程的学生人数

select sc.CId,count(*) as 学生人数
from sc
GROUP BY sc.CId;

在这里插入图片描述
33.成绩不重复，查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩

select student.*, sc.score, sc.cid from student, teacher, course,sc 
where teacher.tid = course.tid
and sc.sid = student.sid
and sc.cid = course.cid
and teacher.tname = "张三"
order by score desc
limit 1;

在这里插入图片描述
34.成绩有重复的情况下，查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
先对数据库中的数据进行修改

UPDATE sc SET score=90
where sid = "07"
and cid ="02";

select student.*, sc.score, sc.cid from student, teacher, course,sc 
where teacher.tid = course.tid
and sc.sid = student.sid
and sc.cid = course.cid
and teacher.tname = "张三"
and sc.score = (
    select Max(sc.score) 
    from sc,student, teacher, course
    where teacher.tid = course.tid
    and sc.sid = student.sid
    and sc.cid = course.cid
    and teacher.tname = "张三"
);

在这里插入图片描述
35.查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩

select  a.cid, a.sid,  a.score from sc as a
inner join 
sc as b
on a.sid = b.sid
and a.cid != b.cid
and a.score = b.score
group by cid, sid;

36.查询每门功成绩最好的前两名

select a.sid,a.cid,a.score from sc as a 
left join sc as b 
on a.cid = b.cid and a.score<b.score
group by a.cid, a.sid
having count(b.cid)<2
order by a.cid;

37.统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过 5 人的课程才统计）

select sc.cid, count(sid) as cc from sc
group by cid
having cc >5;

在这里插入图片描述
38.检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号

select sid, count(cid) as cc from sc
group by sid
having cc>=2;

在这里插入图片描述
39.查询选修了全部课程的学生信息

select student.*
from sc ,student 
where sc.SId=student.SId
GROUP BY sc.SId
HAVING count(*) = (select DISTINCT count(*) from course )

41. 按照出生日期来算年龄

select student.SId as 学生编号,student.Sname  as  学生姓名,
TIMESTAMPDIFF(YEAR,student.Sage,CURDATE()) as 学生年龄
from student;

在这里插入图片描述
42.查询本周过生日的学生

select *
from student 
where WEEKOFYEAR(student.Sage)=WEEKOFYEAR(CURDATE());

43.查询下周过生日的学生

select *
from student 
where WEEKOFYEAR(student.Sage)=WEEKOFYEAR(CURDATE())+1;

44.查询本月过生日的学生

select *
from student 
where MONTH(student.Sage)=MONTH(CURDATE());

45.查询下月过生日的学生

select *
from student 
where MONTH(student.Sage)=MONTH(CURDATE())+1;

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针对mysql的基础应用

针对mysql的基础应用首先创建以下表格：–1.学生表Student(SId,Sname,Sage,Ssex)–SId 学生编号,Sname 学生姓名,Sage 出生年月,Ssex 学生性别–2.课程表Course(CId,Cname,TId)–CId 课程编号,Cname 课程名称,TId 教师编号–3.教师表Teacher(TId,Tname)–TId 教师编号,Tname 教师姓名–4.成绩表SC(SId,CId,score)–SId 学生编号,CId 课程编号,score
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