1、VRRP(Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)虚拟路由冗余协议:用于保障网络可靠性的容错协议,将多个路由设备构成一主多备的备份组,主故障时,将业务切到备设备。
2、VRRP状态:
①、Master:此状态是主设备,承担全部业务;此状态,直连路由的cost被设为默认值0,最高优先级
②、Backup:此状态是备设备,主故障时,被选举成主,承担业务;此状态直连路由cost被设为大于默认值0
③、Initialize:初始化状态,设备在收到接口Startup的消息后,转入Master或Backup状态。此状态直连路由cost被设为大于默认值0
实验:
拓扑
设备配置脚本:
RA:
sysname RA
interface GE1/0/0
undo portswitch
undo shutdown
ip address 10.10.30.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface GE1/0/1
undo portswitch
undo shutdown
ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 10.10.10.254
vrrp vrid 1 priority 120
direct-route track vrrp vrid 1 degrade-cost 300
#
ospf 1
default cost inherit-metric
import-route direct
area 0.0.0.0
network 10.10.30.0 0.0.0.255
#
RB:
sysname RB
interface GE1/0/0
undo portswitch
undo shutdown
ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.0
vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 10.10.10.254
direct-route track vrrp vrid 1 degrade-cost 300
#
interface GE1/0/1
undo portswitch
undo shutdown
ip address 10.10.20.1 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 1
default cost inherit-metric
import-route direct
area 0.0.0.0
network 10.10.20.0 0.0.0.255
RC
sysname RC
#
interface GE1/0/0
undo portswitch
undo shutdown
ip address 10.10.30.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface GE1/0/1
undo portswitch
undo shutdown
ip address 10.10.20.2 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 1
area 0.0.0.0
network 10.10.20.0 0.0.0.255
network 10.10.30.0 0.0.0.255
SW
sysname SW
vlan batch 10
interface GE1/0/0
undo shutdown
port default vlan 10
#
interface GE1/0/1
undo shutdown
port default vlan 10
#
interface GE1/0/10(PC接入接口)
undo shutdown
port default vlan 10
PC:IP:10.10.10.100/24 GW:10.10.10.254
验证结果:
1、在RC上看10.10.10.100的路由,走的是左边的RA
2、把RA连接SW的接口关闭,在看RC去往10.10.10.100的路由,切换到了RB上
[~RA]int g1/0/1
[~RA-GE1/0/1]shutdown
[*RA-GE1/0/1]commi
[~RA-GE1/0/1]
3、默认vrrp抢占时间 5秒,咱们把RA连接交换机的接口开启,等待一下,RC去往10.10.10.100的路由,又回到了RA上。此处省略。大家自行尝试。