目录:
一. Quartz的API
二.Trigger 的使用
三.使用 JobDataMap 来往Job中传值
四. Calendars
五.SimpleTrigger
六.CronTrigger
一. Quartz的API
- IScheduler - 与 scheduler 进行交互的主要接口
- IJob - 你希望被 scheduler 执行的组件的接口
- IJobDetail - 用于定义 Jobs 实例
- ITrigger - 定义将会在scheduler上执行的 job 上的组件
- JobBuilder - 用于定义或建立(define/build) JobDetail 实例,JobDetail定义了Jobs实例
- TriggerBuilder - 用于定义或建立 Trigger 实例
可以对照 这一篇 quartz 的代码来印证
二.Trigger 的使用
// define the job and tie it to our HelloJob class IJobDetail job = JobBuilder.Create<HelloJob>() .WithIdentity("myJob", "group1") // name "myJob", group "group1" .Build(); // Trigger the job to run now, and then every 40 seconds ITrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create() .WithIdentity("myTrigger", "group1") .StartNow() .WithSimpleSchedule(x => x .WithIntervalInSeconds(40) .RepeatForever()) .Build(); // Tell quartz to schedule the job using our trigger await sched.scheduleJob(job, trigger);
这里除了 WithSimpleSchedule 扩展方法,还有如下:
- WithCalendarIntervalSchedule
- WithCronSchedule
- WithDailyTimeIntervalSchedule
- WithSimpleSchedule
三.使用 JobDataMap 来往Job中传值
在JobDataMap中设置值
// define the job and tie it to our DumbJob class IJobDetail job = JobBuilder.Create<DumbJob>() .WithIdentity("myJob", "group1") // name "myJob", group "group1" .UsingJobData("jobSays", "Hello World!") .UsingJobData("myFloatValue", 3.141f) .Build();
从JobDataMap中获取值
public class DumbJob : IJob { public async Task Execute(IJobExecutionContext context) { JobKey key = context.JobDetail.Key; JobDataMap dataMap = context.JobDetail.JobDataMap; string jobSays = dataMap.GetString("jobSays"); float myFloatValue = dataMap.GetFloat("myFloatValue"); await Console.Error.WriteLineAsync("Instance " + key + " of DumbJob says: " + jobSays + ", and val is: " + myFloatValue); } }
还有从 JobExecutionContext’s merged JobDataMap 中获取值的方式
public class DumbJob : IJob { public async Task Execute(IJobExecutionContext context) { JobKey key = context.JobDetail.Key; JobDataMap dataMap = context.MergedJobDataMap; // Note the difference from the previous example string jobSays = dataMap.GetString("jobSays"); float myFloatValue = dataMap.GetFloat("myFloatValue"); IList<DateTimeOffset> state = (IList<DateTimeOffset>)dataMap["myStateData"]; state.Add(DateTimeOffset.UtcNow); await Console.Error.WriteLineAsync("Instance " + key + " of DumbJob says: " + jobSays + ", and val is: " + myFloatValue); } }
或者,可以通过注入 data map 的值到类中
public class DumbJob : IJob { public string JobSays { private get; set; } public float FloatValue { private get; set; } public async Task Execute(IJobExecutionContext context) { JobKey key = context.JobDetail.Key; JobDataMap dataMap = context.MergedJobDataMap; // Note the difference from the previous example IList<DateTimeOffset> state = (IList<DateTimeOffset>)dataMap["myStateData"]; state.Add(DateTimeOffset.UtcNow); await Console.Error.WriteLineAsync("Instance " + key + " of DumbJob says: " + JobSays + ", and val is: " + FloatValue); } }
四. Calendars
ICalendar 接口
namespace Quartz { public interface ICalendar { string Description { get; set; } ICalendar CalendarBase { set; get; } bool IsTimeIncluded(DateTimeOffset timeUtc); DateTime GetNextIncludedTimeUtc(DateTimeOffset timeUtc); ICalendar Clone(); } }
示例:
HolidayCalendar cal = new HolidayCalendar(); cal.AddExcludedDate(someDate); await sched.AddCalendar("myHolidays", cal, false); ITrigger t = TriggerBuilder.Create() .WithIdentity("myTrigger") .ForJob("myJob") .WithSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder.DailyAtHourAndMinute(9, 30)) // execute job daily at 9:30 每天9:30执行 .ModifiedByCalendar("myHolidays") // but not on holidays 不包含假期 .Build(); // .. schedule job with trigger ITrigger t2 = TriggerBuilder.Create() .WithIdentity("myTrigger2") .ForJob("myJob2") .WithSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder.DailyAtHourAndMinute(11, 30)) // execute job daily at 11:30 .ModifiedByCalendar("myHolidays") // but not on holidays .Build(); // .. schedule job with trigger2
用来在日历上的某一段时间不必执行任务时,可以使用这种方式
五.SimpleTrigger
这里列举一些Simple Trigger 的使用示例
1.建立一个在某个时间点的触发器,不重复执行
// trigger builder creates simple trigger by default, actually an ITrigger is returned ISimpleTrigger trigger = (ISimpleTrigger) TriggerBuilder.Create() .WithIdentity("trigger1", "group1") .StartAt(myStartTime) // some Date .ForJob("job1", "group1") // identify job with name, group strings .Build();
2.建立一个某个时间点的触发器,并且每10秒执行一次,执行10次
trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create() .WithIdentity("trigger3", "group1") .StartAt(myTimeToStartFiring) // if a start time is not given (if this line were omitted), "now" is implied .WithSimpleSchedule(x => x .WithIntervalInSeconds(10) .WithRepeatCount(10)) // note that 10 repeats will give a total of 11 firings .ForJob(myJob) // identify job with handle to its JobDetail itself .Build();
3.建立一个触发器,在之后每5分钟执行一次
trigger = (ISimpleTrigger) TriggerBuilder.Create() .WithIdentity("trigger5", "group1") .StartAt(DateBuilder.FutureDate(5, IntervalUnit.Minute)) // use DateBuilder to create a date in the future .ForJob(myJobKey) // identify job with its JobKey .Build();
4.建立一个触发器,每5分钟执行一次,知道22:00
trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create() .WithIdentity("trigger7", "group1") .WithSimpleSchedule(x => x .WithIntervalInMinutes(5) .RepeatForever()) .EndAt(DateBuilder.DateOf(22, 0, 0)) .Build();
5.建立一个触发器,将在下一个整点执行,每2个小时执行一次
trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create() .WithIdentity("trigger8") // because group is not specified, "trigger8" will be in the default group .StartAt(DateBuilder.EvenHourDate(null)) // get the next even-hour (minutes and seconds zero ("00:00")) .WithSimpleSchedule(x => x .WithIntervalInHours(2) .RepeatForever()) // note that in this example, 'forJob(..)' is not called // - which is valid if the trigger is passed to the scheduler along with the job .Build(); await scheduler.scheduleJob(trigger, job);
六.CronTrigger
CronExpression 用于配置CronTrigger 的实例,Cron-Expression 是一个由7个 sub-expression 组成的字符串,
这7个 sub-expression 由空格分隔开,代表的含义:
- Seconds
- Minutes
- Hours
- Day-of-Month
- Month
- Day-of-Week
- Year (optional field)
这里的1-7个,每个都是一个field ;
例如: “0 0 12 ? * WED” 表示每个周三的12点
1.单独的 sub-expression 可以包含 ranges and/or (即某个范围,与,或) ,
例如前面的 week 属性 的WED,可以替换为 “MON-FRI” , “MON, WED, FRI” , “MON-WED,SAT”
2.通配符可以被用来表示可能的值,因此前面例子中的 Month 处的 * ,意味着每个月;而 Day-of-Month 处如果使用 * ,表示 这周的每天
3.所有的field 都有一个有效值的集合可被指定。
- seconds and minutes:0-59
- hours : 0-23
- Day-of-Month : 0-31 ,但是这个地方,你需要根据每个月有多少天来进行给值
- Months : 0-11 或者用JAN, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY, JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT, NOV ,DEC
- Days-of-Week : 0-7 (1=Sunday) 或者 SUN, MON, TUE, WED, THU, FRI and SAT
4. / 符号,可以用来指定值的增量。例如 0/15 表示在Minutes field 处,它意味着每15分钟,从0分钟开始;如果 ‘3/20’ ,表示在Minutes field 处,每20分钟,从3分钟处开始;
5.? 符号,用于day-of-month 和 day-of-week 处。用于指定没有特定值。当你需要在这两个field中的其中一个指定值,而另一个不指定时,是有用的;
6. L 符号,用在 day-of-month 和 day-of-week 处。这个符号是 last 的缩写,在两个不同的field (指day-of-month 和day-of-week )有不同的含义。
例如,
L 用在day-of-month处意味着月份的最后一个天;
L单独用在day-of-week 处,表示 7 或者 SAT ,
但是如果用在另一个值的后面,则意味着 the last xxx day of the month ,
例如,6L或者FRIL 这两个都意味着 the last friday of the month 即这个月的最后一个周五;
当使用L时,不要指定 lists 或者范围值,因为你将得到令人困惑的结果。
7.W 符号,指定最接近给定日期的周(星期)。例如,当你在 day-of-month 处指定15W时,意味着最接近这个月15号的周(星期)。
8. # 符号,指定月份的第几个周(星期),例如, 在day-of-week 处的 6#3 或者 FRI#3 意味着月份的第三个周五
下面是一些使用示例
1>.每5分钟执行一次
"0 0/5 * * * ?"
2>.每5分钟,并且这分钟的10秒开始执行(i.e. 10:00:10 am, 10:05:10 am, etc)
"10 0/5 * * * ?"
3>.每周三和周五的10:30,11:30,12:30,13:30 执行
" 0 30 10-13 ? * WED,FRI"
4>.在每个月的5号和20号,在8点和10点之间,每30分钟执行一次(10:00不执行,在8:00,8:30,9:00,9:30 执行)
"0 0/30 8-9 5,20 * ?"
建立CronTriggers
在每天上午8:00到17:00之间,每隔1秒执行一次
trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create() .WithIdentity("trigger3", "group1") .WithCronSchedule("0 0/2 8-17 * * ?") .ForJob("myJob", "group1") .Build();
在每天10:42am执行
// we use CronScheduleBuilder's static helper methods here trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create() .WithIdentity("trigger3", "group1") .WithSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder.DailyAtHourAndMinute(10, 42)) .ForJob(myJobKey) .Build();
或者
trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create() .WithIdentity("trigger3", "group1") .WithCronSchedule("0 42 10 * * ?") .ForJob("myJob", "group1") .Build();
建立一个触发器,在每周三10:42执行,并且指定一个TimeZone而不是系统默认的
trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create() .WithIdentity("trigger3", "group1") .WithSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder .WeeklyOnDayAndHourAndMinute(DayOfWeek.Wednesday, 10, 42) .InTimeZone(TimeZoneInfo.FindSystemTimeZoneById("Central America Standard Time"))) .ForJob(myJobKey) .Build();
或
trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create() .WithIdentity("trigger3", "group1") .WithCronSchedule("0 42 10 ? * WED", x => x .InTimeZone(TimeZoneInfo.FindSystemTimeZoneById("Central America Standard Time"))) .ForJob(myJobKey) .Build();