多项式的加法是从两个待相加的多项式的表头开始,比较两个节点指数的大小。如果相同的话将两个节点系数相加得到新的系数,后申请一个新的节点尾插到链表后面即可。若不相同的话则申请一个新节点(新节点的系数 指数与两个节点中指数较大的节点相同)尾插到新链表后面。
代码如下:
```
#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
typedef struct LinkNode {
int coefficient;
int exponent;
struct LinkNode* next;
} *LinkList, * NodePtr;
/**
* Initialize the list with a header.
* @return The pointer to the header.
*/
LinkList initLinkList() {
LinkList tempHeader = (LinkList)malloc(sizeof(struct LinkNode));
tempHeader->coefficient = 0;
tempHeader->exponent = 0;
tempHeader->next = NULL;
return tempHeader;
}
/*
* Print the list.
* @param paraHeader The header of the list.
*/
void printList(LinkList paraHeader) {
NodePtr p = paraHeader->next;
while (p != NULL) {
printf("%d * 10^%d + ", p->coefficient, p->exponent);
p = p->next;
}// Of while
printf("\r\n");
}// Of printList
/*
* Print one node for testing.
* @param paraPtr The pointer to the node.
* @param paraChar The name of the node.
*/
void printNode(NodePtr paraPtr, char paraChar) {
if (paraPtr == NULL) {
printf("NULL\r\n");
}
else {
printf("The element of %c is (%d * 10^%d)\r\n", paraChar, paraPtr->coefficient, paraPtr->exponent);
}// Of while
}// Of printNode
/*
* Add an element to the tail.
* @param paraCoefficient The coefficient of the new element.
* @param paraExponent The exponent of the new element.
*/
void appendElement(LinkList paraHeader, int paraCoefficient, int paraExponent) {
NodePtr p, q;
// Step 1. Construct a new node.
q = (NodePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct LinkNode));
q->coefficient = paraCoefficient;
q->exponent = paraExponent;
q->next = NULL;
// Step 2. Search to the tail.
p = paraHeader;
while (p->next != NULL) {
p = p->next;
}// Of while
// Step 3. Now add/link.
p->next = q;
}// Of appendElement
/*
* Polynomial addition.
* @param paraList1 The first list.
* @param paraList2 The second list.
*/
void add(NodePtr paraList1, NodePtr paraList2) {
NodePtr p, q, r, s;
// Step 1. Search to the position.
p = paraList1->next;
printNode(p, 'p');
q = paraList2->next;
printNode(q, 'q');
r = paraList1; // Previous pointer for inserting.
printNode(r, 'r');
free(paraList2); // The second list is destroyed.
while ((p != NULL) && (q != NULL)) {
if (p->exponent < q->exponent) {
//Link the current node of the first list.
printf("case 1\r\n");
r->next = p;
r = p;
printNode(r, 'r');
p = p->next;
printNode(p, 'p');
}
else if ((p->exponent > q->exponent)) {
//Link the current node of the second list.
printf("case 2\r\n");
r->next = q;
r = q;
printNode(r, 'r');
q = q->next;
printNode(q, 'q');
}
else {
printf("case 3\r\n");
//Change the current node of the first list.
p->coefficient = p->coefficient + q->coefficient;
printf("The coefficient is: %d.\r\n", p->coefficient);
if (p->coefficient == 0) {
printf("case 3.1\r\n");
s = p;
p = p->next;
printNode(p, 'p');
// free(s);
}
else {
printf("case 3.2\r\n");
r = p;
printNode(r, 'r');
p = p->next;
printNode(p, 'p');
}// Of if
s = q;
q = q->next;
//printf("q is pointing to (%d, %d)\r\n", q->coefficient, q->exponent);
free(s);
}// Of if
printf("p = %ld, q = %ld \r\n", p, q);
}
printf("End of while.\r\n");
if (p == NULL) {
r->next = q;
}
else {
r->next = p;
}
printf("Addition ends.\r\n");
}
/*
* unit test 1.
*/
void additionTest1() {
// Step 1. Initialize the first polynomial.
LinkList tempList1 = initLinkList();
appendElement(tempList1, 7, 0);
appendElement(tempList1, 3, 1);
appendElement(tempList1, 9, 8);
appendElement(tempList1, 5, 17);
printList(tempList1);
// Step 2. Initialize the second polynomial.
LinkList tempList2 = initLinkList();
appendElement(tempList2, 8, 1);
appendElement(tempList2, 22, 7);
appendElement(tempList2, -9, 8);
printList(tempList2);
// Step 3. Add them to the first.
add(tempList1, tempList2);
printf("The result is: ");
printList(tempList1);
printf("\r\n");
}
/*
* unit test 2.
*/
void additionTest2() {
// Step 1. Initialize the first polynomial.
LinkList tempList1 = initLinkList();
appendElement(tempList1, 7, 0);
appendElement(tempList1, 3, 1);
appendElement(tempList1, 9, 8);
appendElement(tempList1, 5, 17);
printList(tempList1);
// Step 2. Initialize the second polynomial.
LinkList tempList2 = initLinkList();
appendElement(tempList2, 8, 1);
appendElement(tempList2, 22, 7);
appendElement(tempList2, -9, 10);
printList(tempList2);
// Step 3. Add them to the first.
add(tempList1, tempList2);
printf("The result is: ");
printList(tempList1);
printf("\r\n");
}
/*
* The entrance.
*/
int main() {
additionTest1();
additionTest2();
printf("Finish.\r\n");
return 0;
}
```
运行结果: