C语言--编译过程

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已于 2023-12-10 19:41:50 修改

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分类专栏： C语言文章标签： c语言开发语言

于 2023-11-05 16:34:07 首次发布

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一、什么是编译？

二、编译过程详解

1. 预处理：gcc -E hello.c -o hello.i 将.c文件（源文件）预处理生成.i文件（预处理文件）。

2. 编译：gcc -S hello.i -o hello.s 将.i文件（预处理文件）生成.s文件（汇编文件）。

3. 汇编：gcc -c hello.s -o hello.o 将.s文件（汇编文件）生成.o/.obj 文件（目标文件/对象文件）。

4. 链接：gcc hello.o -o hello 将.o（目标文件）生成.exe可执行文件。

三、总结

转载请注明出处。

一、什么是编译？

C语言的编译过程可以理解为把高级语言代码转换为计算机可以理解的机器代码（二进制码

0和1）的过程。

二、编译过程详解

通过 Linux 虚拟机终端查看源文件编译的过程，我的是Ubuntu版本。首先 hello.c 源文件的内容：

#include <stdio.h>

#define pi 3.14  // 宏定义 pi = 3.14

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
	int a = 11, c;  // 定义变量
	c = pi*a*a;
	
	printf("Hello world!\nc=%d\n",c); // 打印输出语句
	return 0;
}

1. 预处理：gcc -E hello.c -o hello.i 将.c文件（源文件）预处理生成.i文件（预处理文件）。

cat hello.i 查看.i文件内容我们发现：

# 1 "hello.c"
# 1 "<built-in>"
# 1 "<command-line>"
# 31 "<command-line>"
# 1 "/usr/include/stdc-predef.h" 1 3 4
# 32 "<command-line>" 2
# 1 "hello.c"
# 1 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 1 3 4
# 27 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/libc-header-start.h" 1 3 4
# 33 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/libc-header-start.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/features.h" 1 3 4
# 424 "/usr/include/features.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/sys/cdefs.h" 1 3 4
# 427 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/sys/cdefs.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/wordsize.h" 1 3 4
# 428 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/sys/cdefs.h" 2 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/long-double.h" 1 3 4
# 429 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/sys/cdefs.h" 2 3 4
# 425 "/usr/include/features.h" 2 3 4
# 448 "/usr/include/features.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/gnu/stubs.h" 1 3 4
# 10 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/gnu/stubs.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/gnu/stubs-64.h" 1 3 4
# 11 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/gnu/stubs.h" 2 3 4
# 449 "/usr/include/features.h" 2 3 4
# 34 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/libc-header-start.h" 2 3 4
# 28 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4





# 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include/stddef.h" 1 3 4
# 216 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include/stddef.h" 3 4

# 216 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include/stddef.h" 3 4
typedef long unsigned int size_t;
# 34 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4

# 1 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/types.h" 1 3 4
# 27 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/types.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/wordsize.h" 1 3 4
# 28 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/types.h" 2 3 4


typedef unsigned char __u_char;
typedef unsigned short int __u_short;
typedef unsigned int __u_int;
typedef unsigned long int __u_long;


typedef signed char __int8_t;
typedef unsigned char __uint8_t;
typedef signed short int __int16_t;
typedef unsigned short int __uint16_t;
typedef signed int __int32_t;
typedef unsigned int __uint32_t;

typedef signed long int __int64_t;
typedef unsigned long int __uint64_t;







typedef long int __quad_t;
typedef unsigned long int __u_quad_t;







typedef long int __intmax_t;
typedef unsigned long int __uintmax_t;
# 130 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/types.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/typesizes.h" 1 3 4
# 131 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/types.h" 2 3 4


typedef unsigned long int __dev_t;
typedef unsigned int __uid_t;
typedef unsigned int __gid_t;
typedef unsigned long int __ino_t;
typedef unsigned long int __ino64_t;
typedef unsigned int __mode_t;
typedef unsigned long int __nlink_t;
typedef long int __off_t;
typedef long int __off64_t;
typedef int __pid_t;
typedef struct { int __val[2]; } __fsid_t;
typedef long int __clock_t;
typedef unsigned long int __rlim_t;
typedef unsigned long int __rlim64_t;
typedef unsigned int __id_t;
typedef long int __time_t;
typedef unsigned int __useconds_t;
typedef long int __suseconds_t;

typedef int __daddr_t;
typedef int __key_t;


typedef int __clockid_t;


typedef void * __timer_t;


typedef long int __blksize_t;




typedef long int __blkcnt_t;
typedef long int __blkcnt64_t;


typedef unsigned long int __fsblkcnt_t;
typedef unsigned long int __fsblkcnt64_t;


typedef unsigned long int __fsfilcnt_t;
typedef unsigned long int __fsfilcnt64_t;


typedef long int __fsword_t;

typedef long int __ssize_t;


typedef long int __syscall_slong_t;

typedef unsigned long int __syscall_ulong_t;



typedef __off64_t __loff_t;
typedef char *__caddr_t;


typedef long int __intptr_t;


typedef unsigned int __socklen_t;




typedef int __sig_atomic_t;
# 36 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/types/__FILE.h" 1 3 4



struct _IO_FILE;
typedef struct _IO_FILE __FILE;
# 37 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/types/FILE.h" 1 3 4



struct _IO_FILE;


typedef struct _IO_FILE FILE;
# 38 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4



# 1 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/libio.h" 1 3 4
# 35 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/libio.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/_G_config.h" 1 3 4
# 19 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/_G_config.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include/stddef.h" 1 3 4
# 20 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/_G_config.h" 2 3 4

# 1 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/types/__mbstate_t.h" 1 3 4
# 13 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/types/__mbstate_t.h" 3 4
typedef struct
{
  int __count;
  union
  {
    unsigned int __wch;
    char __wchb[4];
  } __value;
} __mbstate_t;
# 22 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/_G_config.h" 2 3 4




typedef struct
{
  __off_t __pos;
  __mbstate_t __state;
} _G_fpos_t;
typedef struct
{
  __off64_t __pos;
  __mbstate_t __state;
} _G_fpos64_t;
# 36 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/libio.h" 2 3 4
# 53 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/libio.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include/stdarg.h" 1 3 4
# 40 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include/stdarg.h" 3 4
typedef __builtin_va_list __gnuc_va_list;
# 54 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/libio.h" 2 3 4
# 149 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/libio.h" 3 4
struct _IO_jump_t; struct _IO_FILE;




typedef void _IO_lock_t;





struct _IO_marker {
  struct _IO_marker *_next;
  struct _IO_FILE *_sbuf;



  int _pos;
# 177 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/libio.h" 3 4
};


enum __codecvt_result
{
  __codecvt_ok,
  __codecvt_partial,
  __codecvt_error,
  __codecvt_noconv
};
# 245 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/libio.h" 3 4
struct _IO_FILE {
  int _flags;




  char* _IO_read_ptr;
  char* _IO_read_end;
  char* _IO_read_base;
  char* _IO_write_base;
  char* _IO_write_ptr;
  char* _IO_write_end;
  char* _IO_buf_base;
  char* _IO_buf_end;

  char *_IO_save_base;
  char *_IO_backup_base;
  char *_IO_save_end;

  struct _IO_marker *_markers;

  struct _IO_FILE *_chain;

  int _fileno;



  int _flags2;

  __off_t _old_offset;



  unsigned short _cur_column;
  signed char _vtable_offset;
  char _shortbuf[1];



  _IO_lock_t *_lock;
# 293 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/libio.h" 3 4
  __off64_t _offset;







  void *__pad1;
  void *__pad2;
  void *__pad3;
  void *__pad4;

  size_t __pad5;
  int _mode;

  char _unused2[15 * sizeof (int) - 4 * sizeof (void *) - sizeof (size_t)];

};


typedef struct _IO_FILE _IO_FILE;


struct _IO_FILE_plus;

extern struct _IO_FILE_plus _IO_2_1_stdin_;
extern struct _IO_FILE_plus _IO_2_1_stdout_;
extern struct _IO_FILE_plus _IO_2_1_stderr_;
# 337 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/libio.h" 3 4
typedef __ssize_t __io_read_fn (void *__cookie, char *__buf, size_t __nbytes);







typedef __ssize_t __io_write_fn (void *__cookie, const char *__buf,
     size_t __n);







typedef int __io_seek_fn (void *__cookie, __off64_t *__pos, int __w);


typedef int __io_close_fn (void *__cookie);
# 389 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/libio.h" 3 4
extern int __underflow (_IO_FILE *);
extern int __uflow (_IO_FILE *);
extern int __overflow (_IO_FILE *, int);
# 433 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/libio.h" 3 4
extern int _IO_getc (_IO_FILE *__fp);
extern int _IO_putc (int __c, _IO_FILE *__fp);
extern int _IO_feof (_IO_FILE *__fp) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
extern int _IO_ferror (_IO_FILE *__fp) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));

extern int _IO_peekc_locked (_IO_FILE *__fp);





extern void _IO_flockfile (_IO_FILE *) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
extern void _IO_funlockfile (_IO_FILE *) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
extern int _IO_ftrylockfile (_IO_FILE *) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
# 462 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/libio.h" 3 4
extern int _IO_vfscanf (_IO_FILE * __restrict, const char * __restrict,
   __gnuc_va_list, int *__restrict);
extern int _IO_vfprintf (_IO_FILE *__restrict, const char *__restrict,
    __gnuc_va_list);
extern __ssize_t _IO_padn (_IO_FILE *, int, __ssize_t);
extern size_t _IO_sgetn (_IO_FILE *, void *, size_t);

extern __off64_t _IO_seekoff (_IO_FILE *, __off64_t, int, int);
extern __off64_t _IO_seekpos (_IO_FILE *, __off64_t, int);

extern void _IO_free_backup_area (_IO_FILE *) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
# 42 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4




typedef __gnuc_va_list va_list;
# 57 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
typedef __off_t off_t;
# 71 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
typedef __ssize_t ssize_t;






typedef _G_fpos_t fpos_t;
# 131 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/stdio_lim.h" 1 3 4
# 132 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4



extern struct _IO_FILE *stdin;
extern struct _IO_FILE *stdout;
extern struct _IO_FILE *stderr;






extern int remove (const char *__filename) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));

extern int rename (const char *__old, const char *__new) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));



extern int renameat (int __oldfd, const char *__old, int __newfd,
       const char *__new) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));







extern FILE *tmpfile (void) ;
# 173 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern char *tmpnam (char *__s) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;




extern char *tmpnam_r (char *__s) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
# 190 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern char *tempnam (const char *__dir, const char *__pfx)
     __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) __attribute__ ((__malloc__)) ;







extern int fclose (FILE *__stream);




extern int fflush (FILE *__stream);
# 213 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int fflush_unlocked (FILE *__stream);
# 232 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern FILE *fopen (const char *__restrict __filename,
      const char *__restrict __modes) ;




extern FILE *freopen (const char *__restrict __filename,
        const char *__restrict __modes,
        FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
# 265 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern FILE *fdopen (int __fd, const char *__modes) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
# 278 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern FILE *fmemopen (void *__s, size_t __len, const char *__modes)
  __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;




extern FILE *open_memstream (char **__bufloc, size_t *__sizeloc) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;





extern void setbuf (FILE *__restrict __stream, char *__restrict __buf) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));



extern int setvbuf (FILE *__restrict __stream, char *__restrict __buf,
      int __modes, size_t __n) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));




extern void setbuffer (FILE *__restrict __stream, char *__restrict __buf,
         size_t __size) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));


extern void setlinebuf (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));







extern int fprintf (FILE *__restrict __stream,
      const char *__restrict __format, ...);




extern int printf (const char *__restrict __format, ...);

extern int sprintf (char *__restrict __s,
      const char *__restrict __format, ...) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));





extern int vfprintf (FILE *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format,
       __gnuc_va_list __arg);




extern int vprintf (const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg);

extern int vsprintf (char *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format,
       __gnuc_va_list __arg) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));



extern int snprintf (char *__restrict __s, size_t __maxlen,
       const char *__restrict __format, ...)
     __attribute__ ((__nothrow__)) __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 3, 4)));

extern int vsnprintf (char *__restrict __s, size_t __maxlen,
        const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg)
     __attribute__ ((__nothrow__)) __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 3, 0)));
# 365 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int vdprintf (int __fd, const char *__restrict __fmt,
       __gnuc_va_list __arg)
     __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 2, 0)));
extern int dprintf (int __fd, const char *__restrict __fmt, ...)
     __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 2, 3)));







extern int fscanf (FILE *__restrict __stream,
     const char *__restrict __format, ...) ;




extern int scanf (const char *__restrict __format, ...) ;

extern int sscanf (const char *__restrict __s,
     const char *__restrict __format, ...) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
# 395 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int fscanf (FILE *__restrict __stream, const char *__restrict __format, ...) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_fscanf")

                               ;
extern int scanf (const char *__restrict __format, ...) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_scanf")
                              ;
extern int sscanf (const char *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format, ...) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_sscanf") __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__))

                      ;
# 420 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int vfscanf (FILE *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format,
      __gnuc_va_list __arg)
     __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 2, 0))) ;





extern int vscanf (const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg)
     __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 1, 0))) ;


extern int vsscanf (const char *__restrict __s,
      const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg)
     __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 2, 0)));
# 443 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int vfscanf (FILE *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_vfscanf")



     __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 2, 0))) ;
extern int vscanf (const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_vscanf")

     __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 1, 0))) ;
extern int vsscanf (const char *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_vsscanf") __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__))



     __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 2, 0)));
# 477 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int fgetc (FILE *__stream);
extern int getc (FILE *__stream);





extern int getchar (void);
# 495 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int getc_unlocked (FILE *__stream);
extern int getchar_unlocked (void);
# 506 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int fgetc_unlocked (FILE *__stream);
# 517 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int fputc (int __c, FILE *__stream);
extern int putc (int __c, FILE *__stream);





extern int putchar (int __c);
# 537 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int fputc_unlocked (int __c, FILE *__stream);







extern int putc_unlocked (int __c, FILE *__stream);
extern int putchar_unlocked (int __c);






extern int getw (FILE *__stream);


extern int putw (int __w, FILE *__stream);







extern char *fgets (char *__restrict __s, int __n, FILE *__restrict __stream)
     ;
# 603 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern __ssize_t __getdelim (char **__restrict __lineptr,
          size_t *__restrict __n, int __delimiter,
          FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
extern __ssize_t getdelim (char **__restrict __lineptr,
        size_t *__restrict __n, int __delimiter,
        FILE *__restrict __stream) ;







extern __ssize_t getline (char **__restrict __lineptr,
       size_t *__restrict __n,
       FILE *__restrict __stream) ;







extern int fputs (const char *__restrict __s, FILE *__restrict __stream);





extern int puts (const char *__s);






extern int ungetc (int __c, FILE *__stream);






extern size_t fread (void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
       size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __stream) ;




extern size_t fwrite (const void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
        size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __s);
# 673 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern size_t fread_unlocked (void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
         size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
extern size_t fwrite_unlocked (const void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
          size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __stream);







extern int fseek (FILE *__stream, long int __off, int __whence);




extern long int ftell (FILE *__stream) ;




extern void rewind (FILE *__stream);
# 707 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int fseeko (FILE *__stream, __off_t __off, int __whence);




extern __off_t ftello (FILE *__stream) ;
# 731 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int fgetpos (FILE *__restrict __stream, fpos_t *__restrict __pos);




extern int fsetpos (FILE *__stream, const fpos_t *__pos);
# 757 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern void clearerr (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));

extern int feof (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;

extern int ferror (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;



extern void clearerr_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
extern int feof_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
extern int ferror_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;







extern void perror (const char *__s);





# 1 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/sys_errlist.h" 1 3 4
# 26 "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/sys_errlist.h" 3 4
extern int sys_nerr;
extern const char *const sys_errlist[];
# 782 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4




extern int fileno (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;




extern int fileno_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
# 800 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern FILE *popen (const char *__command, const char *__modes) ;





extern int pclose (FILE *__stream);





extern char *ctermid (char *__s) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
# 840 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern void flockfile (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));



extern int ftrylockfile (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;


extern void funlockfile (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
# 868 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4

# 2 "hello.c" 2




# 5 "hello.c"
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
 int a = 2, c;
 c = 3.14*a*a;

 printf("Hello world!\nc=%d\n",c);
 return 0;
}

前面一大堆内容都是有关展开 <stdio.h> 头文件和展开系统文件的内容，查看代码部分会发现，宏定义的内容 #define pi 3.14 经过预处理后，会自动替换 pi = 3.14 。由此发现预处理的过程：

该阶段主要是处理 # 开头的内容，包括：

1) #inlcude 头文件展开

2) #define 宏定义代换

3) #if条件编译处理

4) 删除所有的注释

2. 编译：gcc -S hello.i -o hello.s 将.i文件（预处理文件）生成.s文件（汇编文件）。

cat hello.s 查看.s文件内容我们发现：

        .file   "hello.c"
        .text
        .section        .rodata
.LC1:
        .string "Hello world!\nc=%d\n"
        .text
        .globl  main
        .type   main, @function
main:
.LFB0:
        .cfi_startproc
        pushq   %rbp
        .cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
        .cfi_offset 6, -16
        movq    %rsp, %rbp
        .cfi_def_cfa_register 6
        subq    $32, %rsp
        movl    %edi, -20(%rbp)
        movq    %rsi, -32(%rbp)
        movl    $2, -8(%rbp)
        cvtsi2sd        -8(%rbp), %xmm0
        movsd   .LC0(%rip), %xmm1
        mulsd   %xmm0, %xmm1
        cvtsi2sd        -8(%rbp), %xmm0
        mulsd   %xmm1, %xmm0
        cvttsd2si       %xmm0, %eax
        movl    %eax, -4(%rbp)
        movl    -4(%rbp), %eax
        movl    %eax, %esi
        leaq    .LC1(%rip), %rdi
        movl    $0, %eax
        call    printf@PLT
        movl    $0, %eax
        leave
        .cfi_def_cfa 7, 8
        ret
        .cfi_endproc
.LFE0:
        .size   main, .-main
        .section        .rodata
        .align 8
.LC0:
        .long   1374389535
        .long   1074339512
        .ident  "GCC: (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04) 7.5.0"
        .section        .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits

编译过程会将高级语言转换成低级语言，编译器会检查语法错误、类型不匹配等错误，如果有错误就会生成错误信息。

此时我们在 hello.c 源文件中弄2个语法错误再次查看，会发现 .c 预处理生成 .i 时不会报错，但是编译生成 .s 时就会产生报错信息，发现语法错误。

3. 汇编：gcc -c hello.s -o hello.o 将.s文件（汇编文件）生成.o/.obj 文件（目标文件/对象文件）。

cat hello.o 查看.o文件内容我们发现：

汇编会将汇编代码转换为机器代码（机器可理解的代码--二进制/十六进制形式），也就是将汇编代码转换成CPU可以直接执行的指令。汇编器的输出是一个目标文件，包含了可执行代码和数据，但此时还不能直接运行。

此时，我们可以用txt文本打开.o文件查看内容，发现乱码，因为是二进制码查看不了。

4. 链接：gcc hello.o -o hello 将.o（目标文件）生成.exe可执行文件。

三、总结

日常使用编译时只用这一条语句即可：gcc hello.c -o hello 然后再运行./hello。

" Yyeah \n"

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C语言--编译过程

C语言的编译过程可以理解为把高级语言代码转换为计算机可以理解的机器代码（二进制码0和1）的过程。二、编译过程详解通过 Linux 虚拟机终端查看源文件编译的过程，我的是Ubuntu版本。#define pi 3.14 // 宏定义 pi = 3.14c = pi*a*a;return 0;
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