ospf综合实验

一、实验拓扑

二、实验需求

1、R4为ISP，其上只配置IP地址；R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP；
2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点；
3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分；除了R12有两个环回，其他路由器均有一个环回IP
4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回；
5、减少LSA的更新量，减少路由表的条目数量，加快收敛，保障更新安全；
6、全网可达；

三、实验思路

1.基于172.16.0.0/16划分IP

2.配置IP

3.配置MGRE

4.配置osfp和rip

5.配置nat

6.优化路由表条目

四、实验步骤

1.配置IP

[R1]int g0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.0.1 24

[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.1.1 24

[R2]int g0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.0.2 24

[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.2 24

[R3]int s4/0/0

[R3-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.3 24

[R3]int g0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.0.3 24

[R3]int l0

[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.32.3 24

[R4]int l0

[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.33.4 24

[R4]int s3/0/0

[R4-Serial3/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.4 24

[R4-Serial3/0/0]int s4/0/0

[R4-Serial4/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.4 24

[R4-Serial4/0/0]int s4/0/1

[R4-Serial4/0/1]ip add 46.0.0.4 24

[R4-Serial4/0/1]int g0/0/1

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 47.0.0.4 24

[R5]int s4/0/0

[R5-Serial4/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.5 24

[R5]int l0

[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.5 24

[R6]int s4/0/0

[R6-Serial4/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.6 24

[R6]int l0

[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.35.6 24

[R6]int g0/0/0

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.6 24

[R7]int g0/0/0

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.7 24

[R7]int l0

[R7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.36.7 24

[R7]int g0/0/1

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.98.7 24

[R8]int l0

[R8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.96.8 24

[R8]int g0/0/0

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.98.8 24

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.99.8 24

[R9]int l0

[R9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.97.9 24

[R9]int g0/0/0

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.99.9 24

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.129.9 24

[R10]int l0

[R10-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.128.10 24

[R10]int g0/0/0

[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.129.10 24

[R11]int l0

[R11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.64.11 24

[R11]int g0/0/0

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.11 24

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.66.11 24

[R12]int l0

[R12-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.160.12 24

[R12-LoopBack0]int l1

[R12-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.161.12 24

[R12]int g0/0/0

[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.66.12 24

2.配置MGREvpn R3为中心点R5.R6.R7为分支站点 

R3

[R3]INT Tunnel 0/0/0

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]IP ADD 172.16.37.3 24

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.34

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

R5

[R5]int Tunnel 0/0/0

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.37.5 24

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.37.3 34.0.0.3 register

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

R6

[R6]int Tunnel 0/0/0

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.37.6 24

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.37.3 34.0.0.3 register

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

R7

[R7]INT Tunnel 0/0/0

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]IP ADD 172.16.37.7 24

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.37.3 34.0.0.3 register

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

3.配置ospf

骨干区域

[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3

[R3-ospf-1]a 0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.37.0 0.0.0.255

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.0.255

由于隧道接口是点到点网络类型所以需要进到接口下更改接口类型为广播类型（broadcast）

[R3]int Tunnel 0/0/0

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5

[R5-ospf-1]A 0

[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.37.0 0.0.0.255

[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.34.0 0.0.0.255

由于隧道接口是点到点网络类型所以需要进到接口下更改接口类型为广播类型（broadcast）

[R5]int Tunnel 0/0/0

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6

[R6-ospf-1]a 0

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.37.0 0.0.0.255

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.35.0 0.0.0.255

由于隧道接口是点到点网络类型所以需要进到接口下更改接口类型为广播类型（broadcast）

[R6]int s4/0/0

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7

[R7-ospf-1]a 0

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.37.0 0.0.0.255

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.36.0 0.0.0.255

由于隧道接口是点到点网络类型所以需要进到接口下更改接口类型为广播类型（broadcast）

[R7]int Tunnel 0/0/0

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

更改网络类型后，各分支站点只认识中心站点，为避免发生多个分支

站点和一个中心站点互相竞选DR和BDR，造成选举结果混乱所以需要将分支站点的选举优先级降为0使其不参与选举

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

骨干区域配置完成后查看nhrp邻居和ospf邻居

区域1

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1

[R1-ospf-1]A 1

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.255

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network  172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255

[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2

[R2-ospf-1]A 1

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.255

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255

[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3

[R3-ospf-1]a 1

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.255

区域2

[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6

[R6-ospf-1]a 2

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.0 0.0.0.255

[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11

[R11-ospf-1]a 2

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.0 0.0.0.255

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.66.0 0.0.0.255

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.64.0 0.0.0.255

[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12

[R12-ospf-1]a 2

[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.66.0 0.0.0.255

区域3

[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7

[R7-ospf-1]a 3

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.98.0 0.0.0.255

[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8

[R8-ospf-1]a 3

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.99.0 0.0.0.255

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.96.0 0.0.0.255

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.98.0 0.0.0.255

[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9

[R9-ospf-1]a 3

[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.99.0 0.0.0.255

[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.0 0.0.0.255

区域4

[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9

[R9-ospf-1]a 4

[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.129.0 0.0.0.255

[R10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10

[R10-ospf-1]a 4

[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.129.0 0.0.0.255

[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.0.255

由于区域4和骨干区域之间有区域3区域4属于不规则区域所以无法与骨干区域连通

所以需要使用虚连接使区域4和骨干区域连接

[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7

[R7-ospf-1]a 3

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]vlink-peer 9.9.9.9

[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9

[R9-ospf-1]a 3

[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]vlink-peer 7.7.7.7

使用R1pingR10的环回

4.在R12 上配置RIPV2协议

[R12]rip 1

[R12-rip-1]v 2

[R12-rip-1]undo summary

[R12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0

使用双向重发布（路由引入）将rip协议按照ospf协议的规则发布出去

[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1

[R12-rip-1]import-route ospf 1

使用R1pingR12环回

5.配置nat

使所有设配都可以访问R4环回

[R3]acl 2000

[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.31.255

[R3]int s4/0/0

[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[R6]acl 2000

[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.64.0 0.0.31.255

[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.160.0 0.0.31.255

[R6]int s4/0/0

[R6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[R7]acl 2000

[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.96.0 0.0.31.255

[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.128.0 0.0.31.255

[R7]int g0/0/0

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000

6.减少路由条目

在区域1做路由聚合

[R3]ospf 1

[R3-ospf-1]a 1

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.0.0 255.255.224.0

将区域1配置为完全末梢区域

[R1]ospf 1 
[R1-ospf-1]a 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 

[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]a 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 

[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 1

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 

在R1上查看ospf路由表

将区域2配置为完全非纯末梢区域

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

测试连通性

在区域4配置完全末梢区域

[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]stub no-summary 

[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]stub no-summary 

7.加快收敛

更改hello时间

区域1

[R1]int g0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R2]int g0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R3]int g0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

区域0

[R3]int t0/0/0

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R5]int t0/0/0

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R6]int t0/0/0

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R7]int t0/0/0

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

区域2

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]int g0/0/0

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R11]int g0/0/0

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5

[R12]int g0/0/0

[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

区域3

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5

[R8]int g0/0/0

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5

[R9]int g0/0/0

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

区域4

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5

[R10]int g0/0/0

[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

全网可达 

R1pingR4环回

R12环回pingR4环回